The Korean Liver Cancer Study Group (KLCSG) and the Center for Liver Cancer at the National Cancer Center (NCC) in Korea compiled a clinical practice guideline for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 2003, and the guideline has been revised in 2009 to incorporate newly published scientific evidence in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. The surveillance and diagnostic criteria of HCC of the 2009 guideline is reviewed with respect to practical application. Several unresolved issues were also discussed.