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From articles published in Journal of Liver Cancer during the past two years (2022 ~ ).

Guideline
2022 KLCA-NCC Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma
J Liver Cancer. 2023;23(1):1-120.   Published online December 9, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2022.11.07
  • 11,735 Views
  • 400 Downloads
  • 49 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth most common cancer among men in South Korea, where the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection is high in middle and old age. The current practice guidelines will provide useful and sensible advice for the clinical management of patients with HCC. A total of 49 experts in the fields of hepatology, oncology, surgery, radiology, and radiation oncology from the Korean Liver Cancer Association-National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guideline Revision Committee revised the 2018 Korean guidelines and developed new recommendations that integrate the most up-to-date research findings and expert opinions. These guidelines provide useful information and direction for all clinicians, trainees, and researchers in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Contrast-enhanced US for HCC: Finally out from the waiting list?
    Richard G. Barr, Luigi Bolondi
    Hepatology.2024; 79(2): 267.     CrossRef
  • The Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Korea: 15-Year Analysis
    Log Young Kim, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Young Chang, Hoongil Jo, Young Youn Cho, Sangheun Lee, Dong Hyeon Lee, Jae Young Jang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Potential role of Fibrosis‐4 score in hepatocellular carcinoma screening: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study
    Sujeong Shin, Won Sohn, Yoosoo Chang, Yoosun Cho, Min‐Jung Kwon, Sarah H. Wild, Christopher D. Byrne, Seungho Ryu
    Hepatology Research.2024; 54(6): 551.     CrossRef
  • Research Progress of lncRNA-ATB/miR-141-3p/GP73 Ax-is-Mediated EMT Promoting TACE Refractoriness
    棋 耿
    Advances in Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(01): 903.     CrossRef
  • Response to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab specific for lung and lymph node metastases affects survival of patients with HCC
    Jiwon Yang, Jonggi Choi, Won‐Mook Choi, Kang Mo Kim, Han Chu Lee, Ju Hyun Shim
    Liver International.2024; 44(4): 907.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Surgical Resection and Radiofrequency Ablation in Elderly Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Jun Il Kim, Jayoun Lee, Gi Hong Choi, Min Woo Lee, Dong Ah Park, Jeong-Ju Yoo
    Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2024; 69(3): 1055.     CrossRef
  • Management Consensus Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2023 Update on Surveillance, Diagnosis, Systemic Treatment, and Posttreatment Monitoring by the Taiwan Liver Cancer Association and the Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan
    Wei Teng, Hung-Wei Wang, Shi-Ming Lin
    Liver Cancer.2024; 13(5): 468.     CrossRef
  • Complications of immunotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
    Young-Gi Song, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(1): 9.     CrossRef
  • Liver resection in selective hepatocellular carcinoma with Vp3 or Vp4 portal vein tumor thrombosis improves prognosis
    Manuel Lim, Jongman Kim, Jinsoo Rhu, Gyu-Seong Choi, Jae-Won Joh
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(1): 102.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis
    Jeayeon Park, Yun Bin Lee, Yunmi Ko, Youngsu Park, Hyunjae Shin, Moon Haeng Hur, Min Kyung Park, Dae-Won Lee, Eun Ju Cho, Kyung-Hun Lee, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Su Jong Yu, Tae-Yong Kim, Yoon Jun Kim, Tae-You Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(1): 81.     CrossRef
  • Programmed Death 1 and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Can Serve as Prognostic Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Ji Ah Lee, Hei-Gwon Choi, Hyuk Soo Eun, Jiyoon Bu, Tae Min Jang, Jeongdong Lee, Chae Yeon Son, Min Seok Kim, Woo Sun Rou, Seok Hyun Kim, Byung Seok Lee, Ha Neul Kim, Tae Hee Lee, Hong Jae Jeon
    Cancers.2024; 16(8): 1493.     CrossRef
  • Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Steatotic Liver Disease and Its Newly Proposed Subclassification
    Byeong Geun Song, Aryoung Kim, Myung Ji Goh, Wonseok Kang, Geum-Youn Gwak, Yong-Han Paik, Moon Seok Choi, Joon Hyeok Lee, Dong Hyun Sinn
    Liver Cancer.2024; 13(5): 561.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and Safety of Surgical Resection in Elderly Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Jin-Soo Lee, Dong Ah Park, Seungeun Ryoo, Jungeun Park, Gi Hong Choi, Jeong-Ju Yoo
    Gut and Liver.2024; 18(4): 695.     CrossRef
  • Consistent efficacy of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy irrespective of PD‑L1 positivity in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
    Ji Kim, Young Kim, Hee-Chul Nam, Chang-Wook Kim, Jae-Sung Yoo, Ji Han, Jeong Jang, Jong Choi, Seung Yoon, Ho Jong Chun, Jung Oh, Suho Kim, Sung Lee, Pil Sung
    Oncology Letters.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Risk of Bleeding in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with Atezolizumab/Bevacizumab: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Young-Gi Song, Kyeong-Min Yeom, Eun Ae Jung, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim, Jeong-Ju Yoo
    Liver Cancer.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Trends in alcohol use and alcoholic liver disease in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study
    Jeong-Ju Yoo, Dong Hyeon Lee, Young Chang, Hoongil Jo, Young Youn Cho, Sangheun Lee, Log Young Kim, Jae Young Jang
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Fatal intratumoral hemorrhage in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma following successful treatment with atezolizumab/bevacizumab: A case report
    Kyeong-Hoon Park, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2024; 12(22): 5177.     CrossRef
  • Local Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2024 Expert Consensus-Based Practical Recommendations of the Korean Liver Cancer Association
    Seungchul Han, Pil Soo Sung, Soo Young Park, Jin Woong Kim, Hyun Pyo Hong, Jung-Hee Yoon, Dong Jin Chung, Joon Ho Kwon, Sanghyeok Lim, Jae Hyun Kim, Seung Kak Shin, Tae Hyung Kim, Dong Ho Lee, Jong Young Choi
    Korean Journal of Radiology.2024; 25(9): 773.     CrossRef
  • Atezolizumab-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review
    Hyuk Kim, Yoon E Shin, Hye-Jin Yoo, Jae-Young Kim, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
    Medicina.2024; 60(9): 1422.     CrossRef
  • Local ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: 2024 expert consensus-based practical recommendation of the Korean Liver Cancer Association
    Seungchul Han, Pil Soo Sung, Soo Young Park, Jin Woong Kim, Hyun Pyo Hong, Jung-Hee Yoon, Dong Jin Chung, Joon Ho Kwon, Sanghyeok Lim, Jae Hyun Kim, Seung Kak Shin, Tae Hyung Kim, Dong Ho Lee, Jong Young Choi
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(2): 131.     CrossRef
  • Local Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2024 Expert Consensus-Based Practical Recommendations of the Korean Liver Cancer Association
    Seungchul Han, Pil Soo Sung, Soo Young Park, Jin Woong Kim, Hyun Pyo Hong, Jung-Hee Yoon, Dong Jin Chung, Joon Ho Kwon, Sanghyeok Lim, Jae Hyun Kim, Seung Kak Shin, Tae Hyung Kim, Dong Ho Lee, Jong Young Choi
    Gut and Liver.2024; 18(5): 789.     CrossRef
  • Superselective ablative chemo-ethanol embolization for recurrent single hepatocellular carcinoma: a 6-month outcome analysis
    Jae Hwan Lee, Kun Yung Kim, Chong-ho Lee, Minuk Kim, Chang Jin Yoon
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(2): 217.     CrossRef
  • Stereotactic body radiotherapy alone versus stereotactic body radiotherapy after incomplete transarterial therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
    Youngju Song, Jinhong Jung, Jin‐hong Park, So Yeon Kim, Jonggi Choi, Danbi Lee, Ju Hyun Shim, Kang Mo Kim, Young‐Suk Lim, Han Chu Lee, Sang Min Yoon
    Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Metastasectomy and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Pulmonary Oligometastasis From Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Weighted Analysis
    Young Seob Shin, Jae Kwang Yun, Jinhong Jung, Jin-hong Park, Si Yeol Song, Eun Kyung Choi, Sehoon Choi, Hyeong Ryul Kim, Yong-Hee Kim, Dong Kwan Kim, Geun Dong Lee, Sang Min Yoon
    International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Recent update of proton beam therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Sun Hyun Bae, Won Il Jang, Hanna Rahbek Mortensen, Britta Weber, Mi Sook Kim, Morten Høyer
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(2): 286.     CrossRef
  • Re-assessing the diagnostic value of the enhancing capsule in hepatocellular carcinoma imaging
    Jae Seok Bae, Jeong Min Lee, Bo Yun Hur, Jeongin Yoo, Sae-Jin Park
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(2): 206.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of real-time US-CT/MR-guided percutaneous gold fiducial marker implementation in malignant hepatic tumors for stereotactic body radiation therapy
    Sungjun Hwang, Seok-Joo Chun, Eui Kyu Chie, Jeong Min Lee
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(2): 263.     CrossRef
  • Inter-reader agreement for LR-M imaging features: a premise for better imaging-based diagnosis in liver imaging
    Jaeseung Shin
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(2): 124.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the role of liver resection as a first-line treatment option for multinodular BCLC-A hepatocellular carcinoma
    Joo Hyun Oh, Dong Hyun Sinn
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(2): 126.     CrossRef
  • A Potential Pneumothorax Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Case Report and Literature Review
    Yoon-E Shin, Hyuk Kim, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
    Medicina.2024; 60(10): 1634.     CrossRef
  • The Efficacy and Safety of Bevacizumab Plus Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Combination with Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy for Initially Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Xiang Tang, Jinbin Chen, Wei Peng, Zhoutian Yang, Li Hu, Zhiwei Ye, Yizhen Fu, Dandan Hu, Zhongguo Zhou, Minshan Chen, Yaojun Zhang, Jun-Cheng Wang
    ImmunoTargets and Therapy.2024; Volume 13: 559.     CrossRef
  • Incorporating ALBI Grade with Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Enhances Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Stratification
    Heechul Nam, Pil Soo Sung, Sung Won Lee, Do Seon Song, Jung Hyun Kwon, Jeong Won Jang, Chang Wook Kim, Si Hyun Bae
    Liver Cancer.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic performance of the 2022 KLCA-NCC criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma on magnetic resonance imaging with extracellular contrast and hepatobiliary agents: comparison with the 2018 KLCA-NCC criteria
    Ja Kyung Yoon, Sunyoung Lee, Jeong Ah Hwang, Ji Eun Lee, Seung-seob Kim, Myeong-Jin Kim
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2023; 23(1): 157.     CrossRef
  • Radiologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma related to prognosis
    Shin Hye Hwang, Hyungjin Rhee
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2023; 23(1): 143.     CrossRef
  • Current status of ultrasonography in national cancer surveillance program for hepatocellular carcinoma in South Korea: a large-scale multicenter study
    Sun Hong Yoo, Soon Sun Kim, Sang Gyune Kim, Jung Hyun Kwon, Han-Ah Lee, Yeon Seok Seo, Young Kul Jung, Hyung Joon Yim, Do Seon Song, Seong Hee Kang, Moon Young Kim, Young-Hwan Ahn, Jieun Han, Young Seok Kim, Young Chang, Soung Won Jeong, Jae Young Jang, J
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2023; 23(1): 189.     CrossRef
  • Smoking Increases the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease
    Jeong-Ju Yoo, Man Young Park, Eun Ju Cho, Su Jong Yu, Sang Gyune Kim, Yoon Jun Kim, Young Seok Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(9): 3336.     CrossRef
  • Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2023 Expert Consensus-Based Practical Recommendations of the Korean Liver Cancer Association
    Yuri Cho, Jin Woo Choi, Hoon Kwon, Kun Yung Kim, Byung Chan Lee, Hee Ho Chu, Dong Hyeon Lee, Han Ah Lee, Gyoung Min Kim, Jung Suk Oh, Dongho Hyun, In Joon Lee, Hyunchul Rhim
    Korean Journal of Radiology.2023; 24(7): 606.     CrossRef
  • Transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: 2023 expert consensus-based practical recommendations of the Korean Liver Cancer Association
    Yuri Cho, Jin Woo Choi, Hoon Kwon, Kun Yung Kim, Byung Chan Lee, Hee Ho Chu, Dong Hyeon Lee, Han Ah Lee, Gyoung Min Kim, Jung Suk Oh, Dongho Hyun, In Joon Lee, Hyunchul Rhim
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2023; 23(2): 241.     CrossRef
  • Transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: 2023 Expert consensus-based practical recommendations of the Korean Liver Cancer Association
    Yuri Cho, Jin Woo Choi, Hoon Kwon, Kun Yung Kim, Byung Chan Lee, Hee Ho Chu, Dong Hyeon Lee, Han Ah Lee, Gyoung Min Kim, Jung Suk Oh, Dongho Hyun, In Joon Lee, Hyunchul Rhim
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2023; 29(3): 521.     CrossRef
  • Classification of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with prognosis and magnetic resonance imaging
    Yoon Jung Hwang, Jae Seok Bae, Youngeun Lee, Bo Yun Hur, Dong Ho Lee, Haeryoung Kim
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2023; 29(3): 733.     CrossRef
  • A nationwide study on the current treatment status and natural prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in elderly
    Jeong-Ju Yoo, Jayoun Lee, Gi Hong Choi, Min Woo Lee, Dong Ah Park
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using Sonazoid: a comprehensive review
    Woo Kyoung Jeong
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2023; 23(2): 272.     CrossRef
  • The Current Evidence of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Won Il Jang, Sunmi Jo, Ji Eun Moon, Sun Hyun Bae, Hee Chul Park
    Cancers.2023; 15(20): 4914.     CrossRef
  • Clinical outcome of surgical resection for multifocal T2-T3 hepatocellular carcinoma up to 3 nodules: a comparative analysis with a single nodule
    Sehyeon Yu, Hye-Sung Jo, Young-Dong Yu, Yoo jin Choi, Dong-Sik Kim
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2023; 23(2): 377.     CrossRef
  • Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: strengths and shortcomings
    Sung Won Lee, Min Kyu Kang, Xiang Zhang
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2023; 23(2): 238.     CrossRef
  • Sequential regorafenib or nivolumab therapy in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with sorafenib failure in liver transplant patients does not improve prognosis
    Jieun Kwon, Jongman Kim, Jinsoo Rhu, Gyu-Seong Choi, Jae-Won Joh
    Annals of Liver Transplantation.2023; 3(2): 104.     CrossRef
  • Concurrent nivolumab and external beam radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular invasion: A phase 2 study
    Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Chul Park, Tae Hyun Kim, Young-Hwan Koh, Jung Yong Hong, Yuri Cho, Dong Hyun Sinn, Boram Park, Joong-Won Park
    JHEP Reports.2023; : 100991.     CrossRef
  • Regular Alpha-Fetoprotein Tests Boost Curative Treatment and Survival for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in an Endemic Area
    Joo Hyun Oh, Jonghyun Lee, Eileen L. Yoon, Soung Won Jeong, Soon Sun Kim, Young Eun Chon, Sang Bong Ahn, Dae Won Jun
    Cancers.2023; 16(1): 150.     CrossRef
  • Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma
    Arndt Vogel, Robert C. Grant, Tim Meyer, Gonzalo Sapisochin, Grainne M. O’Kane, Anna Saborowski
    Hepatology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Close layer
Review Articles
Changing etiology and epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma: Asia and worldwide
Do Young Kim
J Liver Cancer. 2024;24(1):62-70.   Published online March 25, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2024.03.13
  • 5,893 Views
  • 415 Downloads
  • 14 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Approximately 80% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases arise in sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Asia, following a similarly high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers in these regions. The etiology and epidemiology of HCC have recently changed worldwide. Although HBV infection is the main contributor to HCC development, a slow but continuous decline in HBV infection rates has been reported since 1990. Owing to the widespread use of direct-acting antivirals, the incidence of hepatitis C virus-related HCC has remarkably decreased in Japan and European countries. In Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore, the incidence of HBV-related HCC has significantly decreased owing to vaccination against HBV. Globally, while HBV accounted for more than half of HCCs in 1990, this had decreased to 42% in 2019. In contrast, the proportion of patients with alcoholic- and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) increased from 13% to 18% and from 5% to 6%, respectively. NASH-related HCC has characteristics that differ from those of virus-associated HCC. Compared with other etiologies, patients with NASHassociated HCC are older, have a higher body mass index, and have higher rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated HCC is also known to develop in the absence of cirrhosis, unlike alcohol-related and autoimmune liver diseases. Because patients with NAFLD usually have diabetes or obesity, surveying this population is challenging. Optimal selection of the target population and surveillance tools among patients with NAFLD needs to be determined.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Immunotherapy as a Complement to Surgical Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Susan J. Kim, Kaelyn C. Cummins, Allan Tsung
    Cancers.2024; 16(10): 1852.     CrossRef
  • Inflammatory Response in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Double-Edged Weapon
    Linda Galasso, Lucia Cerrito, Valeria Maccauro, Fabrizio Termite, Irene Mignini, Giorgio Esposto, Raffaele Borriello, Maria Elena Ainora, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Assunta Zocco
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(13): 7191.     CrossRef
  • Impacts of smoking on alcoholic liver disease: a nationwide cohort study
    Jeong-Ju Yoo, Dong Hyeon Lee, Sang Gyune Kim, Jae Young Jang, Young Seok Kim, Log Young Kim
    Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Fouad Jaber, George Cholankeril, Hashem B El-Serag
    Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology.2024; 7(5): 331.     CrossRef
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    Junnan Li, Qi Wang, Yadong Yan, Lina Sun, Gongming Zhang, Guangming Li, Ronghua Jin
    Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Baofa Yu, Wenxue Ma
    Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews.2024; 79: 29.     CrossRef
  • Mapping the Hidden Terrain of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Exploring Regional Differences in Incidence and Mortality across Two Decades by Using the Largest US Datasets
    Yazan Abboud, Vraj P. Shah, Michael Bebawy, Ahmed Al-Khazraji, Kaveh Hajifathalian, Paul J. Gaglio
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(17): 5256.     CrossRef
  • Bridging hope: Retrospective analysis of stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma-A promising and cost-effective solution for low-and middle-income countries
    Rakesh Kapoor, Treshita Dey, Divya Khosla, Sunil Taneja, Naveen Kalra, Rajesh Gupta
    Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment.2024; 7(3): 326.     CrossRef
  • Absence of Survival Impact from Hepatitis During Immunotherapy in 193 Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma – An Observational Study from Taiwan
    Chi-Han Lin, Yung-Chia Kuo, Hsuan-Chih Kuo, Ching-Ting Wang, Shi-Ming Lin, Alan Chao-Wei Lee, Ming-Chin Yu, Wei-Chen Lee, Cherry Chiao-Erh Chen, Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
    Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.2024; Volume 11: 1875.     CrossRef
  • A Potential Pneumothorax Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Case Report and Literature Review
    Yoon-E Shin, Hyuk Kim, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
    Medicina.2024; 60(10): 1634.     CrossRef
  • Alterations of Nutrient Elements in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab
    Shuyue Xiao, Xiaohui Huang, Shuer Liu, Di Jin, Zheng Liu
    Nutrition and Cancer.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
    Peijun Xu, Maoyun Liu, Miao Liu, Ai Shen
    BioScience Trends.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Gene targets with therapeutic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Syifaus Shodry, Yuliono Trika Nur Hasan, Iwal Reza Ahdi, Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.2024; 16(12): 4543.     CrossRef
  • Evolving epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in South Korea: incidence, prevalence, progression, and healthcare implications from 2010 to 2022
    Jae Woo Park, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Dong Hyeon Lee, Young Chang, Hoongil Jo, Young Youn Cho, Sangheun Lee, Log Young Kim, Jae Young Jang
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Close layer
A clinical and pathological update on hepatocellular carcinoma
Salvatore Lorenzo Renne, Luca Di Tommaso
J Liver Cancer. 2022;22(1):14-22.   Published online March 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2022.03.18
  • 10,281 Views
  • 583 Downloads
  • 14 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
It is estimated that more than 1 million individuals will be affected annually by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by 2025. HCC can be broadly grouped into two major molecular subgroups, each of which is characterized by specific morphological and phenotypic features that mirror the genetic background. The use of these tissue biomarkers in the daily practice of pathologists promises to better allocate patients with HCC with adequate treatments. In turn, this will likely boost the attitude of clinicians toward obtaining a pre-treatment biopsy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Radiofrequency Ablation versus Surgical Resection in Elderly Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sujin Koo, Gi Hong Choi, Min Woo Lee, Seungeun Ryoo, Jungeun Park, Dong Ah Park
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    Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2024; 69(3): 1055.     CrossRef
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  • Adding MRI as a Surveillance Test for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Can Improve Prognosis
    Su Jong Yu, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Dong Ho Lee, Su Jin Kim, Eun Ju Cho, Se Hyung Kim, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Yoon Jun Kim, Jeong Min Lee, Jae Young Lee, Jung-Hwan Yoon
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  • Development of a sorafenib-loaded solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system: Formulation optimization and characterization of enhanced properties
    Chaemin Lim, Dayoon Lee, Mikyung Kim, Subin Lee, Yuseon Shin, Jacob D. Ramsey, Han-Gon Choi, Eun Seong Lee, Yu Seok Youn, Kyung Taek Oh
    Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology.2023; 82: 104374.     CrossRef
  • Validation of MELD 3.0 scoring system in East Asian patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation
    Jeong-Ju Yoo, Jong-In Chang, Ji Eun Moon, Dong Hyun Sinn, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
    Liver Transplantation.2023; 29(10): 1029.     CrossRef
  • Higher Number of Tumor-Infiltrating PD-L1+ Cells Is Related to Better Response to Multikinase Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Ji Won Han, Ji Hoon Kim, Dong Hyun Kim, Jeong Won Jang, Si Hyun Bae, Jong Young Choi, Seung Kew Yoon, Jaegyoon Ahn, Hyun Yang, Pil Soo Sung
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    Mohammad Rizwan Alam, Kyung Jin Seo, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Kwangil Yim, Sung Hak Lee, Hyun-Jong Jang, Chan Kwon Jung, Yosep Chong
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    Sewoong Lee, Eunjeong Kang, Unju Lee, Sayeon Cho
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Close layer
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Darine Daher, Karim Seif El Dahan, Amit G. Singal
J Liver Cancer. 2023;23(1):127-142.   Published online February 9, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2022.12.30
  • 6,339 Views
  • 262 Downloads
  • 13 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most common causes of liver disease, is an increasingly common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several demographic, clinical, and genetic factors contribute to HCC risk in NAFLD patients, which may inform risk stratification scores. Proven efficacious approaches to primary prevention approach in patients with non-viral liver disease remain an area of need. Semi-annual surveillance is associated with improved early tumor detection and reduced HCC-related mortality; however, patients with NAFLD have several challenges to effective surveillance, including under-recognition of at-risk patients, low surveillance utilization in clinical practice, and lower sensitivity of current tools for early-stage HCC detection. Treatment decisions are best made in a multidisciplinary fashion and are informed by several factors including tumor burden, liver dysfunction, performance status, and patient preferences. Although patients with NAFLD often have larger tumor burden and increased comorbidities compared to counterparts, they can achieve similar post-treatment survival with careful patient selection. Therefore, surgical therapies continue to provide a curative treatment option for patients diagnosed at an early stage. Although there has been debate about the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with NAFLD, current data are insufficient to change treatment selection based on liver disease etiology.

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Radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: what clinicians need to know
Jin Woo Choi, Hyo-Cheol Kim
J Liver Cancer. 2022;22(1):4-13.   Published online February 23, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2022.01.16
  • 11,748 Views
  • 580 Downloads
  • 13 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with yttrium 90 (90Y) has been used in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for more than 10 years in Korea. There are two types of 90Y radioactive microspheres available, namely, glass and resin microspheres, with comparable clinical outcomes. In general, TARE outperforms transarterial chemoembolization regarding post-embolization syndrome, time to progression, tumor downsizing for liver transplantation, and hospitalization stay. Although TARE is commonly recommended for patients with unresectable large HCCs, it can be an alternative to or performed in combination with ablation, surgical resection, and systemic treatment. This review aimed to address 90Y radioactive microspheres, patient selection, clinical outcomes, simulation tests, radioembolization procedures, follow-up imaging, and complications.

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Management of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: challenges and strategies for optimal outcomes
Jae Hyun Yoon, Sung Kyu Choi
J Liver Cancer. 2023;23(2):300-315.   Published online September 21, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2023.08.27
  • 4,152 Views
  • 197 Downloads
  • 11 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with a poor prognosis, management of early-stage HCC is often successful with highly efficacious treatment modalities such as liver transplantation, surgical resection, and radiofrequency ablation. However, unfavorable clinical outcomes have been observed under certain circumstances, even after efficient treatment. Factors that predict unsuitable results after treatment include tumor markers, inflammatory markers, imaging findings reflecting tumor biology, specific outcome indicators for each treatment modality, liver functional reserve, and the technical feasibility of the treatment modalities. Various strategies may overcome these challenges, including the application of reinforced treatment indication criteria with predictive markers reflecting tumor biology, compensation for technical issues with up-to-date technologies, modification of treatment modalities, downstaging with locoregional therapies (such as transarterial chemotherapy or radiotherapy), and recently introduced combination immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss the challenges to achieving optimal outcomes in the management of early-stage HCC and suggest strategies to overcome these obstacles.

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The role of lenvatinib in the era of immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Matthew Man Pok Lee, Landon Long Chan, Stephen Lam Chan
J Liver Cancer. 2023;23(2):262-271.   Published online August 17, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2023.07.17
  • 4,348 Views
  • 314 Downloads
  • 10 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently presents as advanced stage with poor prognosis and high mortality. Systemic treatment is the treatment of choice for advanced disease. In 2007, the first multi-kinase inhibitor (MKI) sorafenib was approved and shown to modestly prolong overall survival (OS). The progress of systemic therapy has been slow afterwards until 2018 when lenvatinib, another MKI, was shown to be non-inferior to sorafenib on median OS as the first-line therapy for HCC. Since then, remarkable progress has been achieved on the treatment of advanced HCC, including the development of second-line targeted treatment, including regorafenib, cabozantinib and ramucirumab from 2017 to 2019. A growing focus has been placed on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), its ligand PD-L1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4. These ICIs have proven their potency in treating HCC as both initial and subsequent line of therapy. At present, both regimens of atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab, as well as the combination of tremelimumab and durvalumab, are recommended as the first-line treatments based on positive phase III clinical trials. With the advancement of ICIs, it is anticipated that the role of MKIs in the treatment of HCC will evolve. In this article, lenvatinib, one of the most commonly used MKIs in HCC, is chosen to be reviewed.

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Combination of interventional oncology local therapies and immunotherapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Dong-Hyun Kim
J Liver Cancer. 2022;22(2):93-102.   Published online April 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2022.03.28
  • 6,819 Views
  • 196 Downloads
  • 10 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Interventional oncology (IO) local therapies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can activate anti-cancer immunity and it is potentially leading to an anti-cancer immunity throughout the body. For the development of an effective HCC treatment regime, great emphasis has been dedicated to different IO local therapy mediated immune modulation and possible combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. In this review paper, we summarize the status of combination of IO local therapy and immunotherapy, as well as the prospective role of therapeutic carriers and locally administered immunotherapy in advanced HCC.

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Complications of immunotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Young-Gi Song, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
J Liver Cancer. 2024;24(1):9-16.   Published online November 29, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2023.11.21
  • 2,860 Views
  • 162 Downloads
  • 8 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are highly effective in cancer treatment. However, the risks associated with the treatment must be carefully balanced against the therapeutic benefits. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are generally unpredictable and may persist over an extended period. In this review, we analyzed common irAEs reported in highly cited original articles and systematic reviews. The prevalent adverse reactions include fatigue, pyrexia, rash, pruritus, diarrhea, decreased appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, constipation, hepatitis, and hypothyroidism. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct evaluations not only of gastrointestinal organs but also of cardiac, neurologic, endocrine (including the frequently affected thyroid), and ophthalmic systems before commencing ICIs. This review further explores commonly reported types of irAEs, specific irAEs associated with each ICI agent, rare yet potentially fatal irAEs, and available treatment options for managing them.

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Close layer
A multidisciplinary approach with immunotherapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Yu Rim Lee
J Liver Cancer. 2023;23(2):316-329.   Published online September 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2023.09.04
  • 2,556 Views
  • 136 Downloads
  • 8 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive disease that is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Advanced HCC has limited treatment options and often has a poor prognosis. For the past decade, tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been the only treatments approved for advanced HCC that have shown overall survival (OS) benefits; however, but their clinical efficacy has been limited. Recent trials have demonstrated promising advancements in survival outcomes through immunotherapy-based treatments, such as combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with other ICIs, antiangiogenic drugs, and locoregional therapies. The atezolizumab-bevacizumab and durvalumab-tremelimumab (STRIDE) regimen has significantly improved survival rates as a first-line treatment and has become the new standard of care. Therefore, combined treatments for advanced HCC can result in better treatment outcomes owing to their synergistic effects, which requires a multidisciplinary approach. Ongoing studies are examining other therapeutic innovations that can improve disease control and OS rates. Despite improvements in the treatment of advanced HCC, further studies on the optimal treatment selection and sequences, biomarker identification, combination approaches with other therapies, and development of novel immunotherapy agents are required. This review presents the current treatment options and clinical data of the ICI-based combination immunotherapies for advanced HCC from a multidisciplinary perspective.

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    Kyeong-Min Yeom, Young-Gi Song, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
    Medicina.2024; 60(1): 157.     CrossRef
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    Insija Ilyas Selene, Merve Ozen, Reema A. Patel
    Seminars in Interventional Radiology.2024; 41(01): 056.     CrossRef
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    Kyeong-Hoon Park, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2024; 12(22): 5177.     CrossRef
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    Haiqing Chen, Haoyuan Zuo, Jinbang Huang, Jie Liu, Lai Jiang, Chenglu Jiang, Shengke Zhang, Qingwen Hu, Haotian Lai, Bangchao Yin, Guanhu Yang, Gang Mai, Bo Li, Hao Chi
    Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hyuk Kim, Yoon E Shin, Hye-Jin Yoo, Jae-Young Kim, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
    Medicina.2024; 60(9): 1422.     CrossRef
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    Medicina.2024; 60(10): 1634.     CrossRef
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    European Journal of Radiology.2024; 181: 111772.     CrossRef
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    Hyungjin Rhee, Young Nyun Park, Jin-Young Choi
    Korean Journal of Radiology.2024; 25(10): 887.     CrossRef
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Recommendation and Guideline
Transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: 2023 expert consensus-based practical recommendations of the Korean Liver Cancer Association
Yuri Cho, Jin Woo Choi, Hoon Kwon, Kun Yung Kim, Byung Chan Lee, Hee Ho Chu, Dong Hyeon Lee, Han Ah Lee, Gyoung Min Kim, Jung Suk Oh, Dongho Hyun, In Joon Lee, Hyunchul Rhim
J Liver Cancer. 2023;23(2):241-261.   Published online July 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2023.05.22
  • 3,266 Views
  • 197 Downloads
  • 8 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was introduced in 1977 with the administration of chemotherapeutic agent to gelatin sponge particles through the hepatic artery in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and was established as conventional TACE using Lipiodol in the 1980s. In the 2000s, drug-eluting beads were developed and applied clinically. Currently, TACE is a commonly used non-surgical treatment modality for patients with HCC who are unsuitable for curative treatment. Considering the vital role of TACE in the management of HCC, it is crucial to organize current knowledge and expert opinions regarding patient preparation, procedural techniques, and post-treatment care in TACE, which can enhance therapeutic efficacy and safety. A group of 12 experts in the fields of interventional radiology and hepatology, convened by the Research Committee of the Korean Liver Cancer Association (KLCA), has developed expert consensus-based practical recommendations in TACE. These recommendations have been endorsed by the Korean Society of Interventional Radiology and provide useful information and direction in performing TACE procedure as well as pre- and post- procedural patient care.

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    Jin Wook Chung
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Review Article
Radiologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma related to prognosis
Shin Hye Hwang, Hyungjin Rhee
J Liver Cancer. 2023;23(1):143-156.   Published online March 9, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2023.02.16
  • 2,829 Views
  • 141 Downloads
  • 8 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
The cross-sectional imaging findings play a crucial role in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies have shown that imaging findings of HCC are not only relevant for the diagnosis of HCC, but also for identifying genetic and pathologic characteristics and determining prognosis. Imaging findings such as rim arterial phase hyperenhancement, arterial phase peritumoral hyperenhancement, hepatobiliary phase peritumoral hypointensity, non-smooth tumor margin, low apparent diffusion coefficient, and the LR-M category of the Liver Imaging-Reporting and Data System have been reported to be associated with poor prognosis. In contrast, imaging findings such as enhancing capsule appearance, hepatobiliary phase hyperintensity, and fat in mass have been reported to be associated with a favorable prognosis. Most of these imaging findings were examined in retrospective, single-center studies that were not adequately validated. However, the imaging findings can be applied for deciding the treatment strategy for HCC, if their significance can be confirmed by a large multicenter study. In this literature, we would like to review imaging findings related to the prognosis of HCC as well as their associated clinicopathological characteristics.

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  • Radiomics and machine learning based on preoperative MRI for predicting extrahepatic metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization
    Gang Peng, Xiaojing Cao, Xiaoyu Huang, Xiang Zhou
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    Ji Yeon Lee, Pil Soo Sung
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    Hyungjin Rhee, Young Nyun Park, Jin-Young Choi
    Korean Journal of Radiology.2024; 25(10): 887.     CrossRef
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    Dong Hwan Kim, Sang Hyun Choi
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    Mingyue Song, Yuhao Tao, Hanjun Zhang, Mingzhan Du, Lingchuan Guo, Chunhong Hu, Weiguo Zhang
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    Jun Gu Kang, Kyunghwa Han, Taek Chung, Hyungjin Rhee
    European Journal of Radiology.2024; 181: 111772.     CrossRef
  • Imaging prognostication and tumor biology in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Diana Kadi, Marilyn F. Yamamoto, Emily C. Lerner, Hanyu Jiang, Kathryn J. Fowler, Mustafa R. Bashir
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Original Article
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of Korean patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with respect to etiology
Wonjoon Jang, Hye Won Lee, Jae Seung Lee, Beom Kyung Kim, Seung Up Kim, Jun Yong Park, Sang Hoon Ahn, Do Young Kim
J Liver Cancer. 2022;22(2):158-166.   Published online September 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2022.09.18
  • 3,548 Views
  • 77 Downloads
  • 8 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background/Aim
The profile of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has changed globally; the role of etiology in predicting prognosis of HCC patients remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the characteristics and prognosis of Korean patients with HCC according to disease etiology.
Methods
This retrospective observational study included patients diagnosed with HCC between 2010 and 2014 in a single center in Korea. Patients with HCC aged <19 years old, had coinfection with other viral hepatitis, had missing follow-up data, were Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage D, or died before 1 month were excluded.
Results
A total of 1,595 patients with HCC were analyzed; they were classified into the hepatitis B virus (HBV) group (1,183 [74.2%]), hepatitis C virus (HCV) group (146 [9.2%]), and non-B non-C (NBNC) group (266 [16.7%]). The median overall survival of all patients was 74 months. The survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 78.8%, 62.0% and 54.9% in the HBV group; 86.0%, 64.0%, and 48.6% in the HCV group; and 78.4%, 56.5%, and 45.9% in the NBNC group, respectively. NBNC-HCC has a poorer prognosis than other causes of HCC. Survival was significantly longer in the HBV group with early-stage HCC than in the NBNC group. Furthermore, survival was shorter in patients with early-stage HCC and diabetes mellitus (DM) than in those without DM.
Conclusions
The etiology of HCC affected clinical characteristics and prognosis to some extent. NBNC-HCC patients showed shorter overall survival than viral-related HCC patients. Additionally, the presence of DM is an additional important prognostic factor in patients with early-stage HCC.

Citations

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  • The Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Korea: 15-Year Analysis
    Log Young Kim, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Young Chang, Hoongil Jo, Young Youn Cho, Sangheun Lee, Dong Hyeon Lee, Jae Young Jang
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    Jin-Soo Lee, Dong Ah Park, Seungeun Ryoo, Jungeun Park, Gi Hong Choi, Jeong-Ju Yoo
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    Min-Woo An, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Jin Kuk Kim, Ahrim Moon, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
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Review Article
Liquid biopsy for early detection and therapeutic monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma
Eun-Ji Choi, Young-Joon Kim
J Liver Cancer. 2022;22(2):103-114.   Published online September 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2022.09.08
  • 5,283 Views
  • 165 Downloads
  • 7 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Advances in our knowledge of the molecular characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have enabled significant progress in the detection and therapeutic prediction of HCC. As a non-invasive alternative to tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy examines circulating cellular components such as exosomes, nucleic acids, and cell-free DNA found in body fluids (e.g., urine, saliva, ascites, and pleural effusions) and provides information about tumor characteristics. Technical advances in liquid biopsy have led to the increasing adoption of diagnostic and monitoring applications for HCC. This review summarizes the various analytes, ongoing clinical trials, and case studies of United States Food and Drug Administrationapproved in vitro diagnostic applications for liquid biopsy, and provides insight into its implementation in managing HCC.

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    Rossana FRANZIN
    La Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jeong-Ju Yoo, Hee Bong Shin, Ji Eun Moon, Sul Hee Lee, Hyemin Jeong, Hee Jo Yang, Woong Bin Kim, Kwang Woo Lee, Jae Heon Kim, Young Ho Kim
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    Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim
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    Chau-Ming Kan, Xiao Meng Pei, Martin Ho Yin Yeung, Nana Jin, Simon Siu Man Ng, Hin Fung Tsang, William Chi Shing Cho, Aldrin Kay-Yuen Yim, Allen Chi-Shing Yu, Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
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Original Article
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for elderly patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective observational study
Jeong Yun Jang, Jinhong Jung, Danbi Lee, Ju Hyun Shim, Kang Mo Kim, Young-Suk Lim, Han Chu Lee, Jin-hong Park, Sang Min Yoon
J Liver Cancer. 2022;22(2):136-145.   Published online September 16, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2022.08.18
  • 3,825 Views
  • 82 Downloads
  • 7 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background/Aim
We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in elderly patients with small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC).
Methods
Eighty-three patients (89 lesions) with HCC who underwent SBRT between January 2012 and December 2018 were reviewed in this retrospective observational study. The key inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) age ≥75 years, 2) contraindications for hepatic resection or percutaneous ablative therapies, 3) no macroscopic vascular invasion, and 4) no extrahepatic metastasis.
Results
The patients were 75-90 years of age, and 49 (59.0%) of them were male. Most patients (94.0%) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Seventy-four patients (89.2%) had Child-Pugh class A hepatic function before SBRT. The median tumor size was 1.6 cm (range, 0.7-3.5). The overall median follow-up period was 34.8 months (range, 7.3-99.3). The 5-year local tumor control rate was 90.1%. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rate was 57.1% and 40.7%, respectively. Acute toxicity grade ≥3 was observed in three patients (3.6%) with elevated serum hepatic enzymes; however, no patient experienced a worsening of the Child-Pugh score to ≥2 after SBRT. None of the patients developed late toxicity (grade ≥3).
Conclusions
SBRT is a safe treatment option with a high local control rate in elderly patients with small HCC who are not eligible for other curative treatments.

Citations

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  • Radiofrequency Ablation versus Surgical Resection in Elderly Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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    Jin-Soo Lee, Dong Ah Park, Seungeun Ryoo, Jungeun Park, Gi Hong Choi, Jeong-Ju Yoo
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    Youngju Song, Jinhong Jung, Jin‐hong Park, So Yeon Kim, Jonggi Choi, Danbi Lee, Ju Hyun Shim, Kang Mo Kim, Young‐Suk Lim, Han Chu Lee, Sang Min Yoon
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    Bong Kyung Bae, Jeong Il Yu, Hee Chul Park, Myung Ji Goh, Yong-Han Paik
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    Ha Il Kim, Jihyun An, Seungbong Han, Ju Hyun Shim
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2023; 29(4): 1013.     CrossRef
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    Tae Hyun Kim
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    Daniel Anthony DiLeo, Tolga Gidener, Ayse Aytaman
    Current Gastroenterology Reports.2023; 25(12): 390.     CrossRef
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JLC : Journal of Liver Cancer
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