Backgrounds/Aims This study aimed to compare the outcomes of liver resection (LR) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the Milan criteria who were not eligible for liver transplantation.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed 483 patients with multinodular HCC within the Milan criteria, who underwent either LR or TACE as an initial therapy between 2013 and 2022. The overall survival (OS) in the entire population and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients who underwent LR and TACE and achieved a complete response were analyzed. Propensity score (PS) matching analysis was also used for a fair comparison of outcomes between the two groups.
Results Among the 483 patients, 107 (22.2%) and 376 (77.8%) underwent LR and TACE, respectively. The median size of the largest tumor was 2.0 cm, and 72.3% of the patients had two HCC lesions. The median OS and RFS were significantly longer in the LR group than in the TACE group (P<0.01 for both). In the multivariate analysis, TACE (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.81 and aHR, 2.41) and large tumor size (aHR, 1.43 and aHR, 1.44) were significantly associated with worse OS and RFS, respectively. The PS-matched analysis also demonstrated that the LR group had significantly longer OS and RFS than the TACE group (PS<0.05).
Conclusions In this study, LR showed better OS and RFS than TACE in patients with multinodular Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A HCC. Therefore, LR can be considered an effective treatment option for these patients.
Citations
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Exploring the role of liver resection as a first-line treatment option for multinodular BCLC-A hepatocellular carcinoma Joo Hyun Oh, Dong Hyun Sinn Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(2): 126. CrossRef
Background/Aim The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) guidelines recommend systemic therapy as the only first-line treatment for patients with BCLC stage C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) despite its heterogeneity of disease extent. We aimed to identify patients who might benefit from combined transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiation therapy (RT) by subclassifying BCLC stage C.
Methods A total of 1,419 treatment-naïve BCLC stage C patients with macrovascular invasion (MVI) who were treated with combined TACE and RT (n=1,115) or systemic treatment (n=304) were analyzed. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Factors associated with OS were identified and assigned points by the Cox model. The patients were subclassified into three groups based on these points.
Results The mean age was 55.4 years, and 87.8% were male. The median OS was 8.3 months. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association of Child-Pugh B, infiltrative-type tumor or tumor size ≥10 cm, main or bilateral portal vein invasion, and extrahepatic metastasis with poor OS. The sub-classification was categorized into low (point ≤1), intermediate (point=2), and high (point ≥3) risks based on the sum of points (range, 0–4). The OS in the low, intermediate, and high-risk groups was 22.6, 8.2, and 3.8 months, respectively. In the low and intermediate-risk groups, patients treated with combined TACE and RT exhibited significantly longer OS (24.2 and 9.5 months, respectively) than those who received systemic treatment (6.4 and 5.1 months, respectively; P<0.0001).
Conclusions Combined TACE and RT may be considered as a first-line treatment option for HCC patients with MVI when classified into low- and intermediate-risk groups.
Citations
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Liver resection in selective hepatocellular carcinoma with Vp3 or Vp4 portal vein tumor thrombosis improves prognosis Manuel Lim, Jongman Kim, Jinsoo Rhu, Gyu-Seong Choi, Jae-Won Joh Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(1): 102. CrossRef
Comparison of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis Jeayeon Park, Yun Bin Lee, Yunmi Ko, Youngsu Park, Hyunjae Shin, Moon Haeng Hur, Min Kyung Park, Dae-Won Lee, Eun Ju Cho, Kyung-Hun Lee, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Su Jong Yu, Tae-Yong Kim, Yoon Jun Kim, Tae-You Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(1): 81. CrossRef
A Machine Learning Algorithm Facilitates Prognosis Prediction and Treatment Selection for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage C Hepatocellular Carcinoma Ji W. Han, Soon K. Lee, Jung H. Kwon, Soon W. Nam, Hyun Yang, Si H. Bae, Ji H. Kim, Heechul Nam, Chang W. Kim, Hae L. Lee, Hee Y. Kim, Sung W. Lee, Ahlim Lee, U I. Chang, Do S. Song, Seok-Hwan Kim, Myeong J. Song, Pil S. Sung, Jong Y. Choi, Seung K. Yoon, Clinical Cancer Research.2024; 30(13): 2812. CrossRef
Limited Generalizability of Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study in Comparison to Multicenter Cohort Study on Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Ye Rim Kim, Sung Won Chung, Min-Ju Kim, Won-Mook Choi, Jonggi Choi, Danbi Lee, Han Chu Lee, Ju Hyun Shim Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.2024; Volume 11: 1235. CrossRef
Portal vein tumor thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: Is it the end? Walaa Abdelhamed, Hend Shousha, Mohamed El-Kassas Liver Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
How to optimize the treatment strategy for advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular invasion Beom Kyung Kim Journal of Liver Cancer.2023; 23(1): 121. CrossRef
Young Youn Cho, Jung Hee Kwon, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Jeong Min Lee, Jae Young Lee, Hyo-Choel Kim, Jin Wook Chung, Won-mook Choi, Eun Ju Cho, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Chung Yong Kim, Hyo-Suk Lee
J Liver Cancer. 2015;15(1):19-29. Published online March 31, 2015
Background/Aims This study compared the outcomes of patients with small hepatocellular
carcinomas (HCCs) who were treated using transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or
radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods This was a post-hoc analysis of a prospective study that evaluated the diagnostic
efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). We analyzed
41 small hepatic nodules in 32 patients that showed typical radiologic hallmarks on both CT
and gadoxate-enhanced MRI (typical nodules) and 25 small hepatic nodules from 22 patients
that showed atypical radiologic hallmarks on CT and typical radiologic hallmarks on MRI
(discrepant nodules). Results There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the patients
with typical and discrepant nodules. Complete response rates 1 month after TACE or RFA were
75.0% (18/24) and 94.1% (16/17; P=0.20), respectively, for the patients with typical nodules
and 58.8% (10/17) and 100% (8/8; P=0.05), respectively, for the patients with discrepant
nodules. Treatment failure rates after TACE or RFA were 33.3% (8/24) and 5.8% (1/17; P=0.15),
respectively, for the patients with typical nodules and 47.0% (8/17) and 0.0% (0/8; P=0.02),
respectively, for the patients with discrepant nodules. Among patients achieving complete
response, there were no significant differences in the risk of marginal recurrence. Conclusions RFA provided higher complete response rates and significantly lower treatment failure rates than TACE for patients with discrepant nodules of HCC. Therefore, a treatment
modality such as RFA may be preferable for small HCCs which show discrepancy on two
imaging modalities.