Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2020 by The Korean Liver Cancer Association
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest pertaining to this work.
Image modality | Study | Country | Study period | Study design | Number of patients | Number of patients with HCC | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dynamic CT | Pocha et al.23 | USA | 2002–2011 | Prospective | 163 | 17 (10.4) | 66.7 | 94.4 |
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Full MRI with gadoxetic acid | Kim et al.18 | Korea | 2011–2014 | Prospective | 407 | 37 (9.1)* | 84.8* | N/A |
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Abbreviated MRI with gadoxetic acid | Marks et al.30 | USA | 2008–2012 | Retrospective | 298 | 49 (16.4) | 79.6–87.8 | 91.2–95.2 |
Besa et al.31 | USA | 2011 | Retrospective | 340 | 62 (18.2) | 85.5–90.3 | 84.8–100 | |
Tillman et al.32 | USA | 2008–2014 | Retrospective | 79 | 13 (16.5) | 85.2† | N/A | |
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Non-contrast MRI | Kim et al.36 | Korea | 2010–2012 | Retrospective | 135 | 128‡ | 91.7†‡ | 77.5†‡ |
Park et al.38 | Korea | 2011–2014 | Retrospective | 382 | 43 (11.3) | 79.1 | 97.9 | |
Han et al.37 | Korea | 2012–2015 | Retrospective | 175 | 175 (100) | 82.9–86.3 | 76.4–87.5 | |
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Perfluorobutane-enhanced US | Park et al.40 | Korea | 2014–2016 | Prospective | 524 | 6 (1.1) | 100.0§ | N/A |
Kudo et al.41 | Japan | N/A | Prospective | 309 | 52 (16.8) | 100.0 | 96.1 |
Unless otherwise indicated, sensitivity and specificity are per-patient data. Values are presented as number (%) unless otherwise indicated. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; N/A, not available; US, ultrasound.
* For very early-stage HCC;
† Per-lesion data;
‡ Including HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma;
§ For early-stage HCC.
Image modality | Study | Country | Study period | Study design | Number of patients | Number of patients with HCC | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dynamic CT | Pocha et al. |
USA | 2002–2011 | Prospective | 163 | 17 (10.4) | 66.7 | 94.4 |
| ||||||||
Full MRI with gadoxetic acid | Kim et al. |
Korea | 2011–2014 | Prospective | 407 | 37 (9.1) |
84.8 |
N/A |
| ||||||||
Abbreviated MRI with gadoxetic acid | Marks et al. |
USA | 2008–2012 | Retrospective | 298 | 49 (16.4) | 79.6–87.8 | 91.2–95.2 |
Besa et al. |
USA | 2011 | Retrospective | 340 | 62 (18.2) | 85.5–90.3 | 84.8–100 | |
Tillman et al. |
USA | 2008–2014 | Retrospective | 79 | 13 (16.5) | 85.2 |
N/A | |
| ||||||||
Non-contrast MRI | Kim et al. |
Korea | 2010–2012 | Retrospective | 135 | 128 |
91.7 |
77.5 |
Park et al. |
Korea | 2011–2014 | Retrospective | 382 | 43 (11.3) | 79.1 | 97.9 | |
Han et al. |
Korea | 2012–2015 | Retrospective | 175 | 175 (100) | 82.9–86.3 | 76.4–87.5 | |
| ||||||||
Perfluorobutane-enhanced US | Park et al. |
Korea | 2014–2016 | Prospective | 524 | 6 (1.1) | 100.0 |
N/A |
Kudo et al. |
Japan | N/A | Prospective | 309 | 52 (16.8) | 100.0 | 96.1 |
Imaging modality | Strength | Weakness |
---|---|---|
Dynamic CT | Short scan time | Accumulative radiation hazard |
Assessment of HCC hallmark | Potential harms related to the contrast agent | |
| ||
Full MRI with gadoxetic acid | The best diagnostic performance | Long scan and interpretation times |
Assessment of HCC hallmark | High cost | |
No radiation hazard | Potential harms related to the contrast agent | |
| ||
Abbreviated MRI with gadoxetic acid | Shorter scan time than that of full MRI | No assessment of HCC hallmark |
Equivalent sensitivity to that of full MRI | Potential harms related to the contrast agent | |
No radiation hazard | ||
| ||
Abbreviated MRI with extracellular contrast agent | Shorter scan time than that of full MRI | Potential harms related to the contrast agent |
Minimal changes in LI-RADS categorization | ||
Assessment of HCC hallmark | ||
No radiation hazard | ||
| ||
Non-contrast MRI | Shorter scan time than those of full or abbreviated MRI | No assessment of HCC hallmark |
No harm related to the contrast agent | ||
No radiation hazard | ||
| ||
Perfluorobutane-enhanced US | Real-time vascular imaging and long-lasting Kupffer phase imaging | Inherent limitation of conventional B-mode US on poor sonic window for advanced cirrhotic liver |
No radiation hazard | ||
Assessment of HCC hallmark |
Unless otherwise indicated, sensitivity and specificity are per-patient data. Values are presented as number (%) unless otherwise indicated. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; N/A, not available; US, ultrasound. For very early-stage HCC; Per-lesion data; Including HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; For early-stage HCC.
HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; LI-RADS, Liver Imaging Reporting And Data System; US, ultrasound.