INTRODUCTION

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, accounting for 80-90% of all cases.¹ This malignancy causes a serious health and economic burden globally, especially in Asia.² It is the third leading cause of cancer-related death globally, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 18%.³ After lung cancer, liver cancer (HCC and cholangiocarcinoma) ranked as the second most significant contributor to years of life lost due to cancer globally from 2005 to 2015, with a 4.6% increase in absolute years of life lost.^4,5 Approximately 80% of HCC cases arise in sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Asia, aligning with the high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers in these regions. HCC is the second leading cause of malignant deaths in Asia. The recent shift in overall trends in HCC incidence over time is explained by the worldwide vaccination program against HBV, active antiviral treatment using nucleoside/nucleotide analogs, introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) for chronic hepatitis C, global efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis, and increasing rates of alcohol use and obesity, which influence the prevalence of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The overall global burden of HCC has increased over time.

GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION OF HCC INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY

Significant differences exist worldwide in the incidence and mortality of HCC, primary due to differences in the timing and exposure to environmental and infectious risk factors, accessibility to healthcare resources, and the capability to detect early-stage HCC and provide potentially curative treatment.⁶ High incidence and mortality rates of 22-24 per 100,000 were reported for Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia in 2020, while Mongolia had the highest incidence and mortality rates worldwide at >80 per 100,000 persons. China had the highest number of individuals affected by HCC, followed by Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam (Table 1).⁷ The GLOBOCAN 2020 data demonstrates a trend that many countries with previously low HCC incidence, including Iran, Afghanistan, Qatar, Azerbaijan, Iraq and Nepal, have experienced a tremendous increase in the past 2 years.⁸ In the United States, the incidence of HCC has tripled over the last four decades, possibly due to the maturity of the patient pool with chronic hepatitis C. The burden of HCC is expected to reach 22 million cases in the next 2 decades in this country.⁹ The incidence in Japan has dropped drastically with a significant reduction in the population infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV). Similarly, HCC incidence in China is declining owing to increasing vaccination against hepatitis B.¹⁰ In Korea, the age-standardized incidence of liver cancer significantly decreased from 28.9 in 1999 to 19.7 in 2014 and 16.1 in 2019.¹¹ The age-standardized death rate from liver cancer notably declined from 24.7 in 1999 to 16.4 in 2014 and further to 11.5 in 2020. However, the annual crude incidence rate of liver cancer has risen over the last 2 decades, from 28.1 in 1999 to its peak at 32.8 in 2010 and 31-32 in 2015. Additionally, the yearly absolute number of deaths has also increased over the same period, rising by 19.4% from 9,682 in 1999 to 11,566 in 2014, and then decreasing by 8.6% to 10,565 in 2020.¹¹ Such a discrepancy between crude mortality rate and age-standardized mortality rate might be due to anti-HBV vaccination, widespread use of antiviral agents and the aging population.¹² In 2019, the Western Pacific region demonstrated the highest frequency of incident liver cancer cases (n=295,484), deaths (n=254,054), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; 6.7 million). However, interestingly, the US had the greatest increase between 2010 and 2019 in liver cancer incident cases (+41%), deaths (+42%), and DALYs (+36%).¹³ Lastly, despite a slowly decreasing trend in global age-standardized incidence rates of HCC since the late 1990s, the total number of HCC cases has been increasing owing to aging and population growth. In 2019, approximately 747,000 cases of HCC were reported worldwide, a 70% increase from 1990. While the global age-standardized incidence rates have been decreasing slowly since 2000, the rates have been increasing in countries with high sociodemographic indices since 1990. For example, the incidence of HCC in the United States has increased 2-3 fold over the past 3 decades owing to the high prevalence of HCV infection and NAFLD.⁶

CHANGING ETIOLOGY OF HCC IN ASIA AND WORLDWIDE

Chronic HBV infection is a major global health problem with high prevalence, that can lead to cirrhosis as well as HCC.^14,15 HBV is endemic in East and South-East Asia with the exception of Japan.¹⁶ Globally, an estimated 71 million individuals were infected with HCV in 2015.¹⁷ The annual risk of developing HCC with chronic hepatitis C ranges from 1.2% to 1.7%, and for individuals with cirrhosis, it varies from 1.4% to 2.5%.¹⁸ Although HBV is the primary cause of HCC, there has been a gradual but steady decrease in HBV infection rates in both global and Asia populations since 1999, according to the Global Burden of Diseases.¹⁹ Currently, the highest incidence and prevalence rates of HCC are observed in East Asia, North Africa, and Southeast Asia, regions where there is a higher prevalence of chronic HBV infection, contributing to over half of the global HCC cases. Conversely, cases associated with HCV, the main risk factor in the Mediterranean region, the United States, and Pakistan, have notably decreased due to the use of DAAs.^20-22 Notably, in Taiwan, the mortality rate from HCC significantly dropped among individuals aged 5 to 29 years, from 0.81 deaths per 100,000 to 0.05 per 100,000, during 2001-2004, among those born in 1977-1980, attributed to the immunization campaign in 1984.²³ Similarly, Hong Kong has witnessed a significant decline in HCC incidence across all age groups over the past 25 years, partly due to a decline in HBV infection rates since the introduction of universal HBV vaccination in 1988.²⁴ According to the Global Burden of Disease study,²⁵ there are temporal and geographical differences in HCC etiologies. Clearly, there was a transition from chronic viral hepatitis to a non-viral etiology between 1990 and 2019. Although HBV accounted for more than half of all cases in 1990, the proportion decreased to 42% in 2019. In contrast, the proportion of patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) increased from 13% to 18% and from 5% to 6%, respectively. Regarding the distribution of HCC etiologies in various world regions in 2019, chronic viral hepatitis was still the main cause of HCC in Asia and most African regions, whereas non-viral causes such as NASH and ALD contributed to the majority of HCC cases in North America, Europe, and Australia (Fig. 1).^25,26 In Korea, the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity rates were high, exceeding 8% in the 1980s. However, with the introduction of HBV vaccination in 1983 and the implementation of the national immunization program in 1985, HBsAg-positive rates have decreased. These rates have further decreased since 2002, owing to the implementation of a perinatal infection prevention program. Fig. 2 shows the change in the proportion of HCV as an etiology of HCC between 2008 and 2018. The incidence of HBV-related HCC decreased, while the incidence of alcohol- and NAFLD-associated HCC increased from 8.7% and 9.9% to 12.3% and 13.6%, respectively (Fig. 2).²⁷ Of note, HBV is still the most common etiology in Asia. In 1990, HBV infection caused more than half of all HCC cases worldwide. In 2019, this figure had decreased to 41%. Nonetheless, it remains the most common cause of HCC worldwide. In the Asia-Pacific region, HBV infection is the major cause of HCC, accounting for more than 60% of all HCC cases. In Korea, 70-80% of patients with HCC have current or past HBV infection.

GLOBAL BURDEN OF ALCOHOL-ASSOCIATED HCC

ALD is one of the most prevalent liver diseases in the United States and Europe.²⁸ Chronic, excessive alcohol intake, defined as consuming >40 g of pure alcohol per day (equivalent to 375 mL of 13 vol% wine or >1 L of 5 vol% beer) over an extend period, poses the greatest risk of ALD.²⁹ However, a recent meta-analysis has demonstrated even consuming 12-24 g of alcohol per day chronically increases the risk of cirrhosis compared to abstaining from alcohol.²⁹ When all World Health Organization regions are considered, adult per capita alcohol consumption has risen by approximately 10% over the past 25 years, mostly owing to significant increases in Asia (particularly in China and India) and Africa, whereas in North and South America and in Europe consumption decreased by 1% and 10%, repectively.³⁰ In 2019, an estimated 19% of all liver cancer deaths worldwide were attributed to alcohol, lower than those caused by HBV infection (40%) and HCV infection (29%).¹³ Regional differences were observed in the percentage of liver cancer deaths related to alcohol, with Europe having the highest percentage (35%) and the eastern Mediterranean region the lowest (10%).¹³ Alcohol was the second-fastest rising contributor to the global liver cancer age-standardized death rate, with the Americas experiencing the highest increase. Global alcohol per capita consumption is projected to continue rising, especially in the Western Pacific and Southeast Asia, due to economic growth in densely populated regions.³¹ Therefore, more effective strategies must be put in place to reduce alcohol consumption.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NAFLD-ASSOCIATED HCC

NAFLD is the most common liver disease in the world. Its global prevalence in 2016 was approximately 25%, ranging from 13% in Africa to 42% in southeast Asia, with a projected 15-56% rise by 2030.^32,33 In particular, the prevalence of NASH is projected to increase by up to 56% between 2016 and 2030 in China, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Japan, the UK and the United States.³³ While NAFLD, being related to the metabolic syndrome, has been considered prevalent primary in the Western world, recent years have seen its rise in Asia, paralleling lifestyle changes amid rapid economic growth. Studies reveal a rise in NAFLD prevalence in Asian countries from 25.3% (1999-2005) to 33.9% (2012-2017), underscoring this trend.³⁴ Compared with other etiologies, patients with NASH-associated HCC are older (mean difference, 5.6 years); have higher body mass index (mean difference, 3 kg/m²); and have higher rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (odds ratio [OR], 4.3), hypertension (OR, 2.8), hyperlipidemia (OR, 3.4), and cardiovascular disease (OR, 2.2).³⁵ NAFLD-associated HCC is also well known to develop in the absence of cirrhosis, unlike liver diseases of other etiologies such as alcohol-related and autoimmune liver disease.^36,37 In a Korean study, the clinical and survival outcomes of NAFLD-HCC and HBV-HCC were compared. The 232 patients underwent surgical resection; 32 had NAFLD-HCC and 200 had HBV-HCC. Before propensity score match (PSM), cirrhosis was more frequently detected in patients with HBV-HCC (55% vs. 15%, P<0.001) and the average tumor size was larger in the NAFLD-HCC group than in the HBV-HCC group (4.4±3.3 cm vs. 3.4±1.8 cm, P=0.014). After PSM, the 5-year overall survival rates were similar (60% vs. 63%, P=0.978) between the two groups.³⁸ NAFLD has now become the fastest-growing cause of HCC among liver transplant recipients and candidates on the waiting list in the United States,³⁹ with similar trends observed in Europe, South Korea, and Southeast Asia over the past 2 decades.^40,41

HCC INCIDENCE AMONG PATIENTS WITH NAFLD IN DIFFERENT REGIONS

The incidence of HCC among patients with NAFLD differs substantially according to the stage of hepatic fibrosis and the presence of accompanying metabolic diseases such as obesity or DM. In the United States and Europe, the annual HCC incidence in cohorts of patients with NASH ranges from 0.7% to 2.6%.^42,43 It was found, in a United States study, that 10 of 149 patients with NAFLD who had biopsy-proven cirrhosis developed HCC over 10 years.⁴³ The HCC incidence in patients with cirrhosis due to NASH was higher in older patients, in males, and in patients with DM and higher alcohol consumption.⁴⁴ The annual incidence of HCC was found to be 0.5% in a cohort of 41 patients with cirrhosis and NASH in a prospectively conducted study in India.⁴⁵ Emerging evidence suggests that HCC can develop in NASH patients without cirrhosis; for instance an Italian study of 145 patients with NAFLD-associated HCC found that half of them lacked cirrhosis.⁴⁶ It is noteworthy that patients without cirrhosis mainly had NASH with advanced fibrosis rather than simple fatty liver without fibrosis, emphasizing that the stage of fibrosis might be meaningful in hepatocarcinogenesis in the absence of cirrhosis.⁴⁷ The incidence of HCC in patients without cirrhosis with NAFLD or NASH ranges from 0.1 to 1.3 per 1,000 patient-years.⁴⁸ Though the HCC incidence among patients with NAFLD is significantly lower in those without cirrhosis than in those with cirrhosis, the HCC prevalence among patients with noncirrhotic NAFLD is high owing to the high frequency of patients who have NAFLD with fibrosis of any stage. A Japanese study reported an annual HCC incidence of 0.043%, based on a cohort of 6,508 patients with NAFLD diagnosed using ultrasonography. The cohort consisted largely of patients without cirrhosis or simple fatty liver because the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index was >1.5, in only 2.8% of patients.⁴⁹ A Korean study of 8,721 patients with NAFLD diagnosed using ultrasonography demonstrated an HCC incidence of 23 per 100,000 patient-years. In the study, 25% of patients had an intermediate or high NAFLD fibrosis score.⁵⁰ In a study of a Taiwanese cohort, the authors found a 10-year HCC incidence of 2.73%, which was similar to that observed in the Korean study.⁵¹

PROPORTION OF NAFLD AS AN ETIOLOGY OF HCC IN DIFFERENT REGIONS

Globally, the estimated proportion of patients with HCC with NAFLD ranges from 1% to 38% in different countries/regions. In a study using a Markov model, it was suggested that the incidence of NAFLD-associated HCC in England would increase by 88% between 2016 and 2030, from 850 to 1,600 cases.³³ Among European countries, Germany is projected to have the highest prevalence of NAFLD-associated HCC (4,090 cases) in 2030 because of its high projected incidence of NASH (4.7 million by 2030).³³ The prevalence of cryptogenic HCC in Southeast Asia ranges from 12.6% in Singapore to 24.9% in the Philippines.⁵² In the United States, a moderate proportion of HCC is ascribed to NAFLD. In Brazil, the prevalence of NAFLD-related HCC is rapidly increasing. Among patients with HCC who require liver transplantation, those with NASH comprise the second largest group after those with HCV infection. The prevalence of NASH-associated HCC increased from 8.3% in 2002 to 13.5% in 2012 in a study using the United Network for Organ Sharing registry.⁵³ The prevalence of NAFLD-related HCC increased from 2.6% (1995-1999) to 19.5% (2010-2014) in a French study with 323 patients with HCC who received liver resection at two centers between 1995 and 2014.⁵⁴ In the most of patients with HCC in China, HBV is still the dominant etiology. Only 1% of 8,683 Chinese patients with HCC were ascribed to NAFLD in a study with patients who were diagnosed between 2005 and 2011.⁵⁵ However, with increasing numbers of patients with NAFLD, estimated to be 243.7 million currently, and in the near future due to ageing population, the prevalence of NAFLD-related HCC is projected to rise from 14,090 cases in 2016 to 26,240 cases by 2030.^33,56

NAFLD AS AN EMERGING HCC ETIOLOGY IN ASIA

Previously, NAFLD was predominantly considered a liver disease affecting Western populations. However, since 1990, the prevalence of NAFLD in Asia has risen significantly. In 2019, the Asian population accounted for 48.3% of global NAFLD-associated liver complications such as cirrhosis and HCC, surpassing even European and United States population.⁵⁷ In China, both NASH and ALD contributed to approximately 13% of HCC cases in 2019,³¹ possibly driven by factors such as the rapid economic growth, increased alcohol consumption (from 4 L per capita in 2005 to 7 L in 2016), sedentary lifestyles, and escalating rates of obesity and DM (increasing by 2-3% between 2014 and 2018).⁵⁸ By 2020, NASH and ALD affected 2-6% and 1-8% of the general population, respectively, with a projected 48% increase in NASH prevalence by 2030.⁵⁹ In Japan, HCC prevalence has surged over the years, due to the increase in NASH and ALD.³¹ In particular, between 1996 and 2019, the prevalence of non-viral HCC escalated from 12% to 46%, mirroring the rise in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and alcoholism in this country.⁶⁰ The prevalence rate of NAFLD in Japan nearly doubled from 13% (in the early 1990s) to 25-35% (in the early 2000s), and is predicted to affect 45% of the population by 2040.⁶¹ In Korea, a study revealed a rise in the proportion of HCC associated with NAFLD from 3.8% in 2001-2005 to 12.2% in 2006-2010.⁴⁰ While data from other countries are lacking, the incidence of NAFLD-associated HCC is expected to surge in the future, given the development of NAFLD in many Asian countries over the past 2 decades due to sedentary lifestyles and over-nutrition.⁶²

HOW TO COPE WITH INCREASING PATIENTS WITH NAFLD-HCC

To increase the number of patients with NAFLD globally, physicians need to control NAFLD epidemiology, screen for NAFLD among patients with metabolic diseases, identify surveillance methods and targets for patients with NAFLD, and optimize treatment for patients with NAFLD-associated HCC. The description of measures to prevent NAFLD in the general population is beyond the scope of this study. Type 2 DM is one of the strongest risk factors for the development of NASH, advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis, HCC, and mortality.^63,64 It is estimated that 40-70% of patients with type 2 DM have underlying NAFLD, and among those, 37% have NASH and 17% will develop advanced fibrosis.⁶⁵ NASH, and most importantly, the presence of advanced liver fibrosis, are key determinants of long-term prognosis and are associated with a high rate of liver-related mortality.⁶⁶ Therefore, identifying patients at high risk earlier in the disease course is critical to prevent and monitor the risk of liver-related complications, such as liver failure and HCC. Although NAFLD is a prevalent disease in the general population, only a minority of patients with NAFLD develop NASH and advanced liver fibrosis, placing them at a higher risk of developing liver-related complications. This group of patients should be evaluated and managed by specialists to prevent and monitor liver-related complications. A recent publication by the United States members of the Global NASH Council recommended stratifying patients based on metabolic risk factors, including type 2 DM, utilizing fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) as the initial assessment tool. In a patients with DM, stratification would be by identifying one additional metabolic syndrome feature (weight circumference >40 inches in men, 35 inches in women; triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL; high density lipoprotein-cholesterol <40 mg/dL in men, 50 mg/dL in women; systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥85 mmHg). For those without DM, at-risk patients are identified by having three metabolic risk factors (including elevated fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL). Patients with a FIB-4 score ≥1.3 should undergo further evaluation by a liver specialist.⁶⁷ The use of a noninvasive scoring system, such as NAFLD fibrosis score as well as FIB-4, is the simplest and most accurate strategy to identify patients at high risk of advanced fibrosis.⁶⁸ In another recent article, the authors recommend the use of FIB-4 and/or vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) according to local resources, availability, and clinical context. The proposed algorithm involves a first-step annual FIB-4 score followed by VCTE for those with indeterminate or a high-risk score (FIB-4 ≥1.3). Patients at low risk (FIB-4 <1.3 or VCTE <8 kPa) can be followed up by primary care physicians for lifestyle changes and yearly calculation of FIB-4, while patients at high risk (FIB-4 ≥1.3 or VCTE ≥8 kPa) should be referred to liver-specialist clinics for further assessment and evaluation.⁶⁹ As the risk of liver fibrosis increases according to the number of metabolic risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, it might be important to pay more attention to the patients with multiple metabolic risk factors and to proactively monitoring NASH progression in these patients. Because nearly one-fourth of NAFLD-related HCC cases occur in the absence of cirrhosis, it is difficult to include patients with noncirrhotic NAFLD in the surveillance program. However, these patients have a very low annual HCC incidence of 0.008 per 100 person-years, so surveillance is not cost-effective in this population.⁷⁰ The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines recommend HCC surveillance for patients with cirrhotic NAFLD, but not for patients with noncirrhotic NAFLD.⁷¹ On the other hand, the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) highlights the importance of categorizing those who should be screened for HCC, thus EASL guidelines state that patients with noncirrhotic stage 3 fibrosis should be included in the surveillance program, although the evidence level is low.⁷² The guidelines also raise the issue of optimal surveillance tool for patients with NAFLD/NASH. Obesity makes ultrasound screening more difficult in these patients. Because the use of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is not cost-effective, the development of appropriate surveillance tools (serological or radiological) for this population is required.

The etiology and epidemiology of HCC are rapidly changing worldwide. This trend indicates a transition from viral to non-viral causes and an increasing incidence of alcohol- and NAFLD-related HCC. Despite vaccination and treatment, HBV and HCV currently remain the most common etiologies in Asia and worldwide, while NASH is the fastest growing etiology of HCC in the world. To cope with this, effective cooperation between the government and academic society is necessary.

Article information

Conflict of Interest

The author has no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Ethics Statement

This review article is fully based on articles which have already been published and did not involve additional patient participants. Therefore, IRB approval is not necessary.

Funding Statement

None.

Data Availability

Not applicable.

Author Contribution

Conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, project administration, resources, supervision, validation, visualization, writing - original draft, writing - review & editing: DYK

Figure 1.

Proportion of HCC etiologies in the world showing a transition from viral hepatitis to nonviral etiologies between 1990 (A) and 2019 (B). Modified from Yang et al.²⁵ and Toh et al.²⁶ with permission. HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; ALD, alcoholic liver disease; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Figure 2.

Distribution of HCC etiologies demonstrating increase of NAFLD between 2008 and 2018 in South Korea. Adapted from the Korean Association for the Study of the Liver²⁷ with permission. HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

References

• 1. Llovet JM, Kelley RK, Villanueva A, Singal AG, Pikarsky E, Roayaie S, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021;7:6. ArticlePubMedPDF
• 2. Kulik L, El-Serag HB. Epidemiology and management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2019;156:477−491.e1.ArticlePubMedPMC
• 3. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin 2022;72:7−33.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 4. El-Serag HB. Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2012;142:1264−1273. e1.ArticlePubMedPMC
• 5. Tang A, Hallouch O, Chernyak V, Kamaya A, Sirlin CB. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma: target population for surveillance and diagnosis. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018;43:13−25.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 6. Yang JD, Hainaut P, Gores GJ, Amadou A, Plymoth A, Roberts LR. A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: trends, risk, prevention and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;16:589−604.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 7. Tran NH. Shifting epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Far Eastern and Southeast Asian patients: explanations and implications. Curr Oncol Rep 2022;24:187−193.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 8. Zhang CH, Cheng Y, Zhang S, Fan J, Gao Q. Changing epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia. Liver Int 2022;42:2029−2041.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 9. Stewart BW, Wild CP. World cancer report 2014 [Internet]. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; [cited 2019 Jul 27]. Available from: https://publications.iarc.fr/Non-Series-Publications/WorldCancer-Reports/World-Cancer-Report-2014
• 10. Kao JH, Chen DS. Changing disease burden of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Far East and Southeast Asia. Liver Int 2005;25:696−703.ArticlePubMed
• 11. Korean Central Cancer Registry. Annual report of Korean central cancer registry 2019 [Internet]. Goyang: Korea Central Cancer Registry; [cited 2024 Jan 18]. Available from: https://ncc.re.kr/cancerStatsView.ncc?bbsnum=598&searchKey=total&searchValue=&pageNum=1
• 12. Korean Liver Cancer Association (KLCA), National Cancer Center (NCC) Korea. 2022 KLCA-NCC Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Liver Cancer 2023;23:1−120.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 13. Huang DQ, Singal AG, Kono Y, Tan DJH, El-Serag HB, Loomba R. Changing global epidemiology of liver cancer from 2010 to 2019: NASH is the fastest growing cause of liver cancer. Cell Metab 2022;34:969−977.e2.ArticlePubMedPMC
• 14. Chan HL, Jia J. Chronic hepatitis B in Asia-new insights from the past decade. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;26 Suppl 1:131−137.ArticlePubMed
• 15. Chan SL, Wong VW, Qin S, Chan HL. Infection and cancer: the case of hepatitis B. J Clin Oncol 2016;34:83−90.ArticlePubMed
• 16. Umemura T, Ichijo T, Yoshizawa K, Tanaka E, Kiyosawa K. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. J Gastroenterol 2009;44 Suppl 19:102−107.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 17. World Health Organization (WHO). Global hepatitis report, 2017 [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.who.int/hepatitis/publications/global-hepatitis-report2017/en/
• 18. Mahale P, Torres HA, Kramer JR, Hwang LY, Li R, Brown EL, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection and the risk of cancer among elderly US adults: a registry-based case-control study. Cancer 2017;123:1202−1211.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 19. GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020;396:1204−1222.PubMedPMC
• 20. Rumgay H, Arnold M, Ferlay J, Lesi O, Cabasag CJ, Vignat J, et al. Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040. J Hepatol 2022;77:1598−1606.ArticlePubMedPMC
• 21. Kanwal F, Kramer J, Asch SM, Chayanupatkul M, Cao Y, El-Serag HB. Risk of hepatocellular cancer in HCV patients treated with direct-acting antiviral agents. Gastroenterology 2017;153:996−1005.e1.ArticlePubMed
• 22. Papatheodoridis GV, Lampertico P, Manolakopoulos S, Lok A. Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving nucleos(t)ide therapy: a systematic review. J Hepatol 2010;53:348−356.ArticlePubMed
• 23. Chiang CJ, Yang YW, You SL, Lai MS, Chen CJ. Thirty-year outcomes of the national hepatitis B immunization program in Taiwan. JAMA 2013;310:974−976.ArticlePubMed
• 24. Liu Y, Liu L. Changes in the epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia. Cancers (Basel) 2022;14:4473. ArticlePubMedPMC
• 25. Yang J, Pan G, Guan L, Liu Z, Wu Y, Liu Z, et al. The burden of primary liver cancer caused by specific etiologies from 1990 to 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels. Cancer Med 2022;11:1357−1370.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 26. Toh MR, Wong EYT, Wong SH, Ng AWT, Loo LH, Chow PK, et al. Global epidemiology and genetics of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2023;164:766−782.ArticlePubMed
• 27. Korean Association for the Study of the Liver. 2021 hepatocellular carcinoma factsheet in Korea [Internet]. Seoul: Korean Association for the study of the Liver; [cited 2024 Feb 2]. Available from: https://new.kasl.org/bbs/index.html?code=factsheet&category=&gubun=&idx=&page=1&number=4644&mode=view&order=&sort=&keyfield=&key=
• 28. Rehm J, Samokhvalov AV, Shield KD. Global burden of alcoholic liver diseases. J Hepatol 2013;59:160−168.ArticlePubMed
• 29. Rehm J, Taylor B, Mohapatra S, Irving H, Baliunas D, Patra J, et al. Alcohol as a risk factor for liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29:437−445.ArticlePubMed
• 30. Shield KD, Rylett M, Rehm J. Public health successes and missed opportunities: trends in alcohol consumption and attributable mortality in the WHO European Region, 1990-2014 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; [cited 2024 Feb 2]. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/329489
• 31. Huang DQ, Mathurin P, Cortez-Pinto H, Loomba R. Global epidemiology of alcohol-associated cirrhosis and HCC: trends, projections and risk factors. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023;20:37−49.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 32. Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, Fazel Y, Henry L, Wymer M. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology 2016;64:73−84.ArticlePubMed
• 33. Estes C, Anstee QM, Arias-Loste MT, Bantel H, Bellentani S, Caballeria J, et al. Modeling NAFLD disease burden in China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States for the period 2016-2030. J Hepatol 2018;69:896−904.ArticlePubMed
• 34. Farrell GC, Wong VW, Chitturi S. NAFLD in Asia--as common and important as in the West. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;10:307−318.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 35. Tan DJH, Ng CH, Lin SY, Pan XH, Tay P, Lim WH, et al. Clinical characteristics, surveillance, treatment allocation, and outcomes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 2022;23:521−530.ArticlePubMedPMC
• 36. Stine JG, Wentworth BJ, Zimmet A, Rinella ME, Loomba R, Caldwell SH, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis without cirrhosis compared to other liver diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018;48:696−703.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 37. Desai A, Sandhu S, Lai JP, Sandhu DS. Hepatocellular carcinoma in noncirrhotic liver: a comprehensive review. World J Hepatol 2019;11:1−18.ArticlePubMedPMC
• 38. Jung YB, Yoo JE, Han DH, Kim KS, Choi JS, Kim DY, et al. Clinical and survival outcomes after hepatectomy in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver and hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. HPB (Oxford) 2021;23:1113−1122.ArticlePubMed
• 39. Younossi Z, Stepanova M, Ong JP, Jacobson IM, Bugianesi E, Duseja A, et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant candidates. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;17:748−755.e3.ArticlePubMed
• 40. Cho EJ, Kwack MS, Jang ES, You SJ, Lee JH, Kim YJ, et al. Relative etiological role of prior hepatitis B virus infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the development of non-B non-C hepatocellular carcinoma in a hepatitis B-endemic area. Digestion 2011;84 Suppl 1:17−22.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 41. Liew ZH, Goh GB, Hao Y, Chang PE, Tan CK. Comparison of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cryptogenic versus hepatitis B etiology: a study of 1079 cases over 3 decades. Dig Dis Sci 2019;64:585−590.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 42. Ascha MS, Hanouneh IA, Lopez R, Tamimi TA, Feldstein AF, Zein NN. The incidence and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2010;51:1972−1978.ArticlePubMed
• 43. Sanyal AJ, Banas C, Sargeant C, Luketic VA, Sterling RK, Stravitz RT, et al. Similarities and differences in outcomes of cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatitis C. Hepatology 2006;43:682−689.ArticlePubMed
• 44. Yang JD, Ahmed F, Mara KC, Addissie BD, Allen AM, Gores GJ, et al. Diabetes is associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2020;71:907−916.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 45. Amarapurkar DN, Dharod M, Gautam S, Patel N. Risk of development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with NASH-related cirrhosis. Trop Gastroenterol 2013;34:159−163.ArticlePubMed
• 46. Piscaglia F, Svegliati-Baroni G, Barchetti A, Pecorelli A, Marinelli S, Tiribelli C, et al. Clinical patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a multicenter prospective study. Hepatology 2016;63:827−838.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 47. Huang DQ, El-Serag HB, Loomba R. Global epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;18:223−238.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 48. Kanwal F, Kramer JR, Mapakshi S, Natarajan Y, Chayanupatkul M, Richardson PA, et al. Risk of hepatocellular cancer in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2018;155:1828−1837.e2.ArticlePubMedPMC
• 49. Kawamura Y, Arase Y, Ikeda K, Seko Y, Imai N, Hosaka T, et al. Largescale long-term follow-up study of Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease for the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:253−261.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 50. Kim GA, Lee HC, Choe J, Kim MJ, Lee MJ, Chang HS, et al. Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cancer incidence rate. J Hepatol 2017;68:140−146.Article
• 51. Lee TY, Wu JC, Yu SH, Lin JT, Wu MS, Wu CY. The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in different risk stratifications of clinically noncirrhotic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Cancer 2017;141:1307−1314.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 52. Goh KL, Razlan H, Hartono JL, Qua CS, Yoong BK, Koh PS, et al. Liver cancer in Malaysia: epidemiology and clinical presentation in a multiracial Asian population. J Dig Dis 2015;16:152−158.PubMed
• 53. Wong RJ, Cheung R, Ahmed A. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly growing indication for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the U.S. Hepatology 2014;59:2188−2195.ArticlePubMed
• 54. Pais R, Fartoux L, Goumard C, Scatton O, Wendum D, Rosmorduc O, et al. Temporal trends, clinical patterns and outcomes of NAFLD-related HCC in patients undergoing liver resection over a 20-year period. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017;46:856−863.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 55. Park JW, Chen M, Colombo M, Roberts LR, Schwartz M, Chen PJ, et al. Global patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma management from diagnosis to death: the BRIDGE study. Liver Int 2015;35:2155−2166.PubMedPMC
• 56. Zhou F, Zhou J, Wang W, Zhang XJ, Ji YX, Zhang P, et al. Unexpected rapid increase in the burden of NAFLD in China from 2008 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology 2019;70:1119−1133.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 57. Golabi P, Paik JM, AlQahtani S, Younossi Y, Tuncer G, Younossi ZM. Burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asia, the Middle East and North Africa: data from Global Burden of Disease 2009-2019. J Hepatol 2021;75:795−809.ArticlePubMed
• 58. Wang L, Peng W, Zhao Z, Zhang M, Shi Z, Song Z, et al. Prevalence and treatment of diabetes in China, 2013-2018. JAMA 2021;326:2498−2506.ArticlePubMedPMC
• 59. Wang H, Gao P, Chen W, Yuan Q, Lv M, Bai S, et al. A cross-sectional study of alcohol consumption and alcoholic liver disease in Beijing: based on 74,998 community residents. BMC Public Health 2022;22:723. ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 60. Nakano M, Yatsuhashi H, Bekki S, Takami Y, Tanaka Y, Yoshimaru Y, et al. Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma incident cases in Japan between 1996 and 2019. Sci Rep 2022;12:1517. ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 61. Ito T, Ishigami M, Zou B, Tanaka T, Takahashi H, Kurosaki M, et al. The epidemiology of NAFLD and lean NAFLD in Japan: a meta-analysis with individual and forecasting analysis, 1995-2040. Hepatol Int 2021;15:366−379.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 62. Fan JG, Kim SU, Wong VW. New trends on obesity and NAFLD in Asia. J Hepatol 2017;67:862−873.ArticlePubMed
• 63. Hossain N, Afendy A, Stepanova M, Nader F, Srishord M, Rafiq N, et al. Independent predictors of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:1224−1229.e2.ArticlePubMed
• 64. Stepanova M, Rafiq N, Makhlouf H, Agrawal R, Kaur I, Younoszai Z, et al. Predictors of all-cause mortality and liver-related mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dig Dis Sci 2013;58:3017−3023.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 65. Younossi ZM, Golabi P, de Avila L, Paik JM, Srishord M, Fukui N, et al. The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol 2019;71:793−801.ArticlePubMed
• 66. Taylor RS, Taylor RJ, Bayliss S, Hagström H, Nasr P, Schattenberg JM, et al. Association between fibrosis stage and outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2020;158:1611−1625.e12.ArticlePubMed
• 67. Younossi ZM, Corey KE, Alkhouri N, Noureddin M, Jacobson I, Lam B, et al. Clinical assessment for high-risk patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in primary care and diabetology practices. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020;52:513−526.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 68. Armstrong MJ, Marchesini G. Referral pathways for NAFLD fibrosis in primary care - no longer a 'needle in a haystack'. J Hepatol 2019;71:246−248.ArticlePubMed
• 69. Barbosa JV, Lai M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease screening in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the primary care setting. Hepatol Commun 2020;5:158−167.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 70. Orci LA, Sanduzzi-Zamparelli M, Caballol B, Sapena V, Colucci N, Torres F, et al. Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022;20:283−292.e10.ArticlePubMed
• 71. Singal AG, Llovet JM, Yarchoan M, Mehta N, Heimbach JK, Dawson LA, et al. AASLD Practice guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2023;78:1922−1965.ArticlePubMedPMC
• 72. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2018;69:182−236.ArticlePubMed

Figure & Data

References

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Molecular Mechanisms, Preclinical Evidence and Clinical Implications
  Maciej Gonciarz, Benita Wiatrak, Iga Lombard, Łukasz Konecki, Joanna Sarbinowska
  Journal of Pineal Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Functional imaging: a game changer for biomarker discovery and treatment response among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
  Shadi Afyouni, Ghazal Zandieh, Timothy M. Pawlik, Ihab R. Kamel
  Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2026; 20(1): 29.     CrossRef
• Similar hepatic outcome by SGLT2i vs. DPP4i for at-risk cohort with CHB & T2DM: A nationwide target trial emulation study
  Byungyoon Yun, Juyeon Oh, Heejoo Park, Jian Lee, Beom Kyung Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon
  Annals of Hepatology.2026; 31(1): 102175.     CrossRef
• Efficacy and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  Muhammad A.B. Naeem, Muhammad R. Paracha, Ahmad Noor, Muhammad H.A. Khalid, Hafiza K. Shahid, Maaz Khan, Moeaza R. Rizvi, Javeeria Arshad, Talha Abbas, Azeem Saeed, Hamza Ashraf, Minahil Ali, Mishal Asif, Aanusha Ghouri
  American Journal of Clinical Oncology.2026; 49(4): 196.     CrossRef
• Risk stratification for hepatocellular carcinoma in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Editorial on “High Steatosis-Associated Fibrosis Estimator scores predict hepatocellular carcinoma in viral and non-viral hepatitis and metabolic
  Ho Soo Chun, Minjong Lee
  Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2026; 32(1): 368.     CrossRef
• BANTAM-01: A Multicenter, Open-Label, First-in-Human Phase 1 Dose Escalation and Expansion Study of 225Ac-GPC3 (BAY 3547926) in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  Jorrit Tjeertes, Miroslav Dostalek, Charles Glaus, Vinita Gupta, Daneng Li, Antje Nestler, Vasiliki Pelekanou, Joerg Pinkert, Ida Ratih, Eric Smith, Shyamal Subramanyam, Arndt Vogel, Katrina Walker, Andrea Wilson Woods, Stefan Zimmermann, Henrik Junger
  Journal of Nuclear Medicine.2026; 67(3): 360.     CrossRef
• Gut microbiota's role in NAFLD- and HBV/HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications
  Gursimran Singh, Shazia Ansari, Satyam Yadav, Khadga Raj Aran
  Microbial Pathogenesis.2026; 211: 108273.     CrossRef
• The Influence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Body Mass Index on the Incidence of Alzheimer Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study
  Tae Seop Lim, Seok Jong Chung, Jimin Jeon, Ja Kyung Kim, Jinkwon Kim
  Gut and Liver.2026; 20(1): 107.     CrossRef
• Efficient sustainable nanocarrier based on graphene oxide functionalized with antitumor methotrexate for cancer therapy
  Mohamed Shemis, Hesham Moustafa, Fatma H Salman, Gehan Safwat, Mona Moharib, Samah Mamdouh
  Next Research.2026; 5: 101368.     CrossRef
• Nuclear miR-3920 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with stemness marker expression and poorer prognosis
  Hyunjin Park, Seunghye Kim, Hyejung Lee, Hee Young Na, Jeong Eun Yoo, Haeryoung Kim
  Digestive and Liver Disease.2026; 58(3): 390.     CrossRef
• Matrix Metalloproteinases in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanistic Roles and Emerging Inhibitory Strategies for Therapeutic Intervention
  Alexandra M. Dimesa, Mathew A. Coban, Alireza Shoari
  Cancers.2026; 18(2): 288.     CrossRef
• Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in solid tumors: Unraveling its clinical significance
  José Esparza-López, Alejandro Aranda-Gutierrez, Elizabeth Escobar-Arriaga, Citlali Frayde-Aguilar, M. Andrea Mac Donald Jamarillo, Eucario Leon-Rodriguez, María de Jesús Ibarra-Sánchez
  Revista de Investigación Clínica.2026; 78(1): 100035.     CrossRef
• Comprehensive Evaluation and Validation Reveal Mitochondrial Solute Carrier SLC25A3 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  Beibei Bie, Libing Liu, Furong Wang, Xianing Meng, Mengdi Wu, Jin Sun
  Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.2026; Volume 13: 1.     CrossRef
• Antioxidant and Molecular Insights into the Anticancer Potential of Argemone Mexicana L. Seed Extract on HepG2 Cell Line
  Aishwarya R. Kurdekar, A. M. Krupanidhi, S. M. Pratiksha, Prakash Dabadi
  Cell and Tissue Biology.2026; 20(2): 113.     CrossRef
• Knowledge on modes of hepatitis B transmission and the practice of family screening and vaccination among patients with chronic hepatitis B infection at a tertiary center in Ethiopia
  Sewale Anagaw, Hailemichael Desalegn, Arsema Goytom, Henok Fisseha, Kinfe Woldu, Bizatu Mengistie
  BMC Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Cancers: Advances Through Artificial Intelligence
  Eleni Myrto Trifylli, Athanasios Angelakis, Sotirios P. Fortis, Anastasios G. Kriebardis, Nikolaos Papadopoulos, Evangelos Koustas, Panagiotis Sarantis, Michalis V. Karamouzis, Spilios Manolakopoulos, Melanie Deutsch
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(3): 1524.     CrossRef
• Temporal trends and regional variations in hepatocellular carcinoma etiology: a multinational study across Asia
  Yasuto Takeuchi, Ryosuke Tateishi, Shuntaro Obi, Motoyuki Otsuka, Hitoshi Mochizuki, Amarsanaa Jazag, Osamu Yokosuka, Sadahisa Ogasawara, Naoya Kanogawa, Erdenebayar Gonchig, Yuki Matsushita, Murat Kekilli, Gulden Bilican, Yoon Jun Kim, Moon Haeng Hur, Mi
  Hepatology International.2026; 20(2): 373.     CrossRef
• E-cigarette switching, smoking cessation, and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea
  Byeong Geun Song, Myeongcheol Lee, Juhee Cho, Geum-Youn Gwak, Danbee Kang, Dong Hyun Sinn
  Preventive Medicine.2026; 205: 108530.     CrossRef
• H4K5 lactylation - ENO2 loop drives glycolysis and HCC progression
  Masahiro Yamane, Yoshimitsu Akiyama, Shu Shimada, Shuichi Watanabe, Megumi Hatano, Shu Tsukihara, Suguru Miyazawa, Hanako Tamura, Atsushi Nara, Keita Kodera, Kohei Okazaki, Yoshiaki Tanji, Yosuke Igarashi, Atsushi Kamachi, Kentaro Umemura, Koya Yasukawa,
  JHEP Reports.2026; 8(5): 101786.     CrossRef
• Comparison between mRECIST, EASL, and qEASL methods with AFP as tumor response parameters after local chemotherapy in patients with intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma
  I G. WIJAYA, Nikmatia LATIEF, Rafikah RAUF, Firdaus HAMID, Bachtiar MURTALA, Luthfi PAREWANGI
  Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Multi-omics biomarker detection in Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) induced hepatocellular carcinoma
  Obaid Afzal, Pavan Goud, Kavita Goyal, Ali Altharawi, Mubarak A. Alamri, Manal A. Alossaimi, Abdulmalik S.A. Altamimi, Surya Nath Pandey
  Clinica Chimica Acta.2026; 587: 120937.     CrossRef
• Serum biomarkers as personalised medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of hepatocellular carcinoma
  Muhammad Taher, Muhamad Aqil Ikram Muhamad Asri, Nur Damia Abdul Rahman, Nur Eleisha Zamzuri, Nur Syazwani Mohammad Farizal, Junaidi Khotib, Deny Susanti, Nurul Athirah Hasdan, Muhammad Salahuddin Haris, Rita Rakhmawati
  Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Response: Reassessing the Use of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab After Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in Advanced HCC
  Jung Sun Kim, Thomas Yau, Hong Jae Chon
  Liver International.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: translating mechanistic insights into clinical advances
  Saeed Khavari Khorasani, Siavash Boroumandi, Ali Darzi, Mahla Shokouhfar, Pedram Abdali, Pooya Eini, Ahmad Ghorbani Vanan, Nastaran Bahrami
  Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nanotechnology-Enabled Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Theranostics, Combination Regimens, and Translation
  Siyao Wang, Yang Wu, Miao Yuan, Jing Zheng, Chaoran Wang, Jiarong Wang, Yifan Zheng, Qiaoyun Yang, Mengran Xu, Baiqi Wang
  International Journal of Nanomedicine.2026; Volume 21: 1.     CrossRef
• PNPLA3 I148M is unrelated to HCC occurrence but associates with poorer tumor differentiation in Korean MASLD: a prospective cohort of 562 patients
  Jaejun Lee, Dong Yeop Lee, Jung Hoon Cha, Hee Sun Cho, Keungmo Yang, Hyun Yang, Mi Young Byun, Seok Keun Cho, Seong Wook Yang, Si Hyun Bae, Pil Soo Sung
  Journal of Liver Cancer.2026; 26(1): 147.     CrossRef
• A Narrative Review of the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Lenvatinib in Comparison With Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Non-Viral Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  Pankaj Sonone , Sumit Goyal, Nilesh Lokeshwar, Shruti Dharmadhikari, Gaurav Puppalwar, Chintan Khandhedia, Amey Mane, Suyog Mehta
  Cureus.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Identification of a Calcium-Related Prognostic Signature and Validation of CACNA1B as a Driver of Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  Yanling Chen, Yarong Ma, Guorui Zhao, Jianhao Li, Guizhen Zhang
  Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.2026; Volume 13: 1.     CrossRef
• Therapeutic Targeting of miR-21 Restores SASH1 and Sensitizes HBV-HCC to Sorafenib
  Kyuyoung Han, Eun-Kyoung Jwa, Suhyeon Ha, Jiye Kim, Ryunjin Lee, Eunkyeong Lee, Seoon Kang, Hye Ok Kim, Hyunhee Kwon, Dong-Hwan Jung, Young-In Yoon, Gi-Won Song, Gil-Chun Park, Tae Won Kim, Jung-Man Namgoon, Shin Hwang, Eunyoung Tak, Sung-Gyu Lee
  Cancers.2026; 18(6): 1038.     CrossRef
• Phytoconstituents and Molecular Docking of Ethanol Extract of Sargassum aquifolium J. Agardh with Different Apoptosis Proteins Involved in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari, Putu Angga Wiradana, I Gede Widhiantara, Ni Kadek Yunita Sari, I Made Gde Sudyadnyana Sandhika, Mochammad Aqilah Herdiansyah, Win Darmanto, Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan
  Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal.2026; 1(19): 398.     CrossRef
• Nuclear prostaglandin E synthase 3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth with immunosuppressive macrophage polarization via the SP1/TGF-β axis
  Nianfei Wang, Wei Chen, Shumin Shen, Jian Qi, Shanghu Wang, Rong Wang, Ming Li, Zixiang Chen, Jiangming Chen, Bo Hong, Hongzhi Wang
  Molecular Biomedicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Lenvatinib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors for unresectable, recurrent, or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: a real-world study
  Huifang Kong, Yan Chen, Hong Li, Di Wang, Xiujuan Chang, Zhen Zeng, Wei Zhang
  The Oncologist.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• CXCR4-Targeted Nanotherapeutics: A Promising Approach for Liver Fibrosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Management
  Aftab Ullah, Marina Khan, Yibang Zhang, Muhammad Shafiq, Mohsan Ullah, Azar Abbas, Kifayat Ullah, Xu Xiangxiang, Gang Chen, Yong Diao
  International Journal of Nanomedicine.2026; Volume 21: 1.     CrossRef
• An automated and portable magnetically-controlled microfluidic chip platform with dual detection modes for sensitive AFP quantification
  Peng Zhang, Chenqi Zhang, Min Jia, Yongdong Pan, Shuo Wu, Jianxin Cheng, Lujie Song, Zizhen Ming
  Analytica Chimica Acta.2026; 1408: 345570.     CrossRef
• Hepatocellular carcinoma risk, net survival and relative survival ratio in a high-income country of the Eastern Mediterranean Region: 2008–2020
  Saeed Akhtar, Shaimaa Almohaid
  BMC Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Evaluation of Factors Affecting Alpha Fetoprotein Levels in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Large Multicenter Cohort
  Nicole Shu Ying Tang, Ethan Kai Jun Tham, Nicholas Syn, Ken Liu, Gang Chen, Beom Kyung Kim, Mark Muthiah, Takumi Kawaguchi, Asahiro Morishita, Sung Won Lee, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Hirokazu Takahashi, Daniel Q. Huang
  Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2026; 41(6): 1883.     CrossRef
• Targeting the AMPK/ACC pathway with luteolin suppresses de novo lipogenesis and limits tumor burden in a MASH-HCC mouse model
  Gaoxuan Shao, Chenceng Sun, Chenhao Ye, Ying Liu, Jiashu Pan, Yujing Liu, Lu Lu, Lei Wang, Zemin Lin, Fan Yang, Guang Ji, Hanchen Xu
  Life Sciences.2026; 397: 124440.     CrossRef
• Artificial Intelligence in Oncology: A Comprehensive Cross-Cancer Translational Readiness Analysis Across 18 Malignancies
  Sai Kiran Kuchana, Uday Kumar Repalle, Nikhilesh V. Alahari, Manpreet Kondamuri, Sai Kiran Manduva, Raghu Vamsi Vanguru, Sri Anjali Gorle, Suresh K. Alahari
  Cancers.2026; 18(10): 1543.     CrossRef
• Five years after IMbrave150 with clinical integration of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma
  Kuan-Chang Lai, San-Chi Chen
  Annals of Hepatology.2026; : 102237.     CrossRef
• Rural-Urban Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence and Mortality
  Haluk Damgacioglu, Gokhan Uygun, Ashish A. Deshmukh, Ahmed O. Kaseb, Anne M. Noonan, Tarik Demir
  JAMA Network Open.2026; 9(5): e2612323.     CrossRef
• Hepatocellular Carcinoma Over Three Decades: from Screening Evolution to Integrated Therapeutic Strategies
  Ke Huang, Myoung Ok Kim
  Journal of Cancer Prevention.2026; 31(2): 54.     CrossRef
• Dietary Polyphenols and Selected Nutraceuticals in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanistic Insights, Translational Evidence, and Clinical Prospects
  Fareeha Arshad, Arshiya Akbar, Raja Chinnappan, Mohammed Imran Khan, Ahmed Yaqinuddin, Itika Arora
  Nutrients.2026; 18(11): 1783.     CrossRef
• Elevated TMEM45B expression promotes liver cancer progression and is associated with MET signaling activation
  Hongzhuo Shen, Wenying Zheng, Meiqi Li, Lijun Pei, Jie Xie
  Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Engineering Selenium–Chitosan Nanoparticles for Enhanced Hepatic Delivery of Sunitinib and Improved In Vitro Anticancer Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Models
  Ahmed S.G. Srag El-Din, Eman Hamza, Ahmed Y. Kira, Sameh Saber, Mona H. Zohny, Ohoud Y. Alshehri, Reham A. Al-Dhelaan, Eslam Osama Mohamed, Heba I. Elagamy
  Pharmaceuticals.2026; 19(6): 898.     CrossRef
• Hepatic Tumor Rupture Mimicking Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Diagnosis of Metastatic Small Bowel Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor by Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
  Seungwoo Ha, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Susie Chin, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
  Clinical Ultrasound.2026; 11(1): 93.     CrossRef
• Targeting lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities (Review)
  Lianting Chen, Feiqiong Gao, Qianru Mei, Yujie Li, Qun Cai, Xudong Feng
  International Journal of Molecular Medicine.2026; 58(2): 1.     CrossRef
• Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Mimicking Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B Represents a Diagnostic Pitfall
  Tom Ryu, Soung Won Jeong, Young Chang, Jae Young Jang
  Clinical Ultrasound.2026; 11(1): 80.     CrossRef
• Types and spatial distribution of cancer cases registered in a national hospital-based registry in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic from 2010 to 2024
  Champadeng Vongdala, Oraya Sahat, Thitsamay Luangxay, Apisit Chaidee, Kitti Intuyod, Supot Kamsa-ard, Somchai Pinlaor
  BMC Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Circulating miR-184 and miR-206 as predictive biomarkers for early recurrence in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study
  Sang-Hoon Kim, Ryunjin Lee, Eunyoung Tak, Ki-Hun Kim
  BMC Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Safranal improves the anticancer efficacy of sorafenib via transcriptomic reprogramming and metabolomic changes in a rat model of diethylnitrosamine-induced cirrhosis–hepatocellular carcinoma
  Ameera Al Mansoori, Badriya Baig, Rania Harati, Reem Sami Alhamidi, Alaaeldin A. Hamza, Suhail Al-Salam, Anne Le, Cissy Zhang, Pratik Khare, Rifat Hamoudi, Amr Amin
  Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Associated with Improved Survival After Hepatectomy: A Matched Analysis of the 2017 to 2022 National Cancer Database
  Lawrence Chiang, Adam Bodzin, Daniel Lin, Nader Hanna, Scott Koeneman, Hien Dang, Charles J. Yeo, Christopher Shubert, Richard Zheng
  Cancers.2026; 18(13): 2137.     CrossRef
• Plasma interleukin-8 as a predictive biomarker for tyrosine kinase inhibitor response in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
  Sujin Kim, Hye Ri Ahn, Hui Gyeong Kim, Dooyeon Kim, Ji Eun Han, Soon Sun Kim, Jae Youn Cheong, Jung Woo Eun, Hyo Jung Cho
  Discover Oncology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• External Beam Radiation Therapy and Immunotherapy in the Management of Hepatobiliary Malignancies: A Meta-analysis of Treatment Response Rates
  Juan Jose Juarez Vignon Whaley, Mary Linton Peters, Matthew J. Abrams
  International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• PER1 reduces HIF-1α nuclear accumulation and modulates vascular remodeling in hepatocellular carcinoma
  Zhen Zhang, Caihong Ning, Si Mei, Chun Yi, Heyun Tao, Linzhu Lu, Sian Pan, Zhiqi Wang, Xuefei Tian
  Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Urinary Gas Chromatography‐Based Metabolomics for Early Detection of Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Decade of Progress
  Diaa I. Osman, Sheta M. Sheta, Mostafa I. Abdelglil, Fatma O. Khalil, Waheed M. Salem, Naser A. Naser, Ahmed Attia
  Biomedical Chromatography.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A novel bivalent neoantigen vaccine based on mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles eradicates hepatocellular carcinoma in mice
  Mahmoud A. Younis, Yusuke Sato, Yaser H.A. Elewa, Hideyoshi Harashima
  Journal of Controlled Release.2026; 397: 115172.     CrossRef
• Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fibrosis 5 Score and the Risk of Liver-Related Events in the General Population
  Byeong Geun Song, Goeun Park, Myung Ji Goh, Wonseok Kang, Geum-Youn Gwak, Yong-Han Paik, Moon Seok Choi, Joon Hyeok Lee, Dong Hyun Sinn
  Gut and Liver.2026; 20(4): 645.     CrossRef
• Efficacy and Long-Term Outcomes of Direct-Acting Antivirals in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Jeong-Ju Yoo, Seul Ki Han, Soon Sun Kim, Hyun Yang, Eunju Kim, Seong Hee Kang, Young Eun Chon, Eileen L. Yoon, Hyun Phil Shin, Sangheun Lee, Do Young Kim, Gi Hyeon Seo, Hyung Joon Kim, Hyun Woong Lee
  Gut and Liver.2026; 20(4): 665.     CrossRef
• A scheme to tackle the dilemma from hepatoma cells under doxorubicin-resistant surroundings: a brightness or a silhouette
  Ki-Kwang Oh, Goo-Hyun Kwon, Jung-A Eom, Kyeong Jin Lee, Dong Joon Kim, Ki-Tae Suk
  Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology.2026; 54(1): 374.     CrossRef
• Detection of serum levels of human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis related hepatocellular carcinoma in Sri Lanka
  Usman Umar Liman, Asanka Sudeshini Hewage, Sumadee de Silva, Saumya Madushani Samarasinghe, Kamani Hemamala Tennekoon, Rohan Chaminda Siriwardana, Madunil Anuk Niriella
  South Asian Journal of Cancer.2026; 0: 1.     CrossRef
• Risk Prediction of Early‐Onset Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Derivation and Validation in a Nationwide Young Adult Cohort
  Seogsong Jeong, Gi‐Ae Kim, Heejoon Jang, Dong Hyeon Lee, Sae Kyung Joo, Keon Wook Kang, Hwamin Lee, Won Kim
  Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2026; 64(4): 507.     CrossRef
• Efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization combined with donafenib and camrelizumab for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: a dual-center, retrospective propensity score-matched analysis
  Qi Zhang, Hezi Qing, Zhenwu Lei, Xingwu Xie
  Frontiers in Immunology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The impact of alcohol consumption on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across different age groups: A nationwide cohort study
  Mi Na Kim, Kyungdo Han, Dong Yun Kim, Jae Seung Lee, Hye Won Lee, Beom Kyung Kim, Seung Up Kim, Jun Yong Park, Sang Hoon Ahn, Do Young Kim
  JHEP Reports.2026; : 101975.     CrossRef
• Risk-stratified MRI surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study
  Byeong Geun Song, Woo Kyoung Jeong, Myung Ji Goh, Wonseok Kang, Geum-Youn Gwak, Yong-Han Paik, Moon Seok Choi, Joon Hyeok Lee, Dong Hyun Sinn
  European Radiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Alterations of Nutrient Elements in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab
  Shuyue Xiao, Xiaohui Huang, Shuer Liu, Di Jin, Zheng Liu
  Nutrition and Cancer.2025; 77(2): 244.     CrossRef
• Structure–activity relationship studies of Imidazo[1′,2′:1,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives to develop selective FGFR inhibitors as anticancer agents for FGF19-overexpressed hepatocellular carcinoma
  Jisook Kim, Seung Hyun Jung, Joo Chan Lee, Won Jeoung Kim, Jooyun Byun, Young Gil Ahn, Hyun-Ju Park
  European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2025; 282: 117047.     CrossRef
• Liver cancer in Saudi Arabia: A registry-based nationwide descriptive epidemiological and survival analysis
  Nawal H. Almohammadi
  Cancer Epidemiology.2025; 94: 102731.     CrossRef
• Worse survival of hepatocellular cancer patients with membranous insulin receptor overexpression
  Steffen Markus Heckl, Carolin Schneider, Lukas Kercher, Hans-Michael Behrens, Jan-Paul Gundlach, Alexander Bernsmeier, Stephan Schmidt, Sandra Krüger, Felix Braun, Rainer Günther, Thomas Becker, Stefan Schreiber, Christoph Röcken
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Therapeutic Effects of Crocin Nanoparticles Alone or in Combination with Doxorubicin against Hepatocellular Carcinoma In vitro
  Noha S. Basuony, Tarek M. Mohamed, Doha M. Beltagy, Ahmed A. Massoud, Mona M. Elwan
  Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry.2025; 25(3): 194.     CrossRef
• Structural insights into antibody-based immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
  Masaud Shah, Muhammad Hussain, Hyun Goo Woo
  Genomics & Informatics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Self-testing strategy to eliminate hepatitis C as per World Health Organization’s goal: Analysis of disease burden and cost-effectiveness
  Gyeongseon Shin, Beom Kyung Kim, SeungJin Bae, Hankil Lee, Sang Hoon Ahn
  Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(1): 166.     CrossRef
• Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Versus Entecavir: Effects on Lipid Profiles and Cardiovascular Outcomes in People Living With Chronic Hepatitis B
  Log Young Kim, Jae Young Kim, Jeong‐Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim, Young‐Seok Kim
  Journal of Medical Virology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Cytokine-Induced Killer Cell Immunotherapy Reduces Recurrence in Patients with Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  Dong Hyun Kim, Eun Min Kim, Jae Seung Lee, Mi Na Kim, Beom Kyung Kim, Seung Up Kim, Jun Yong Park, Gi Hong Choi, Sang Hoon Ahn, Hye Won Lee, Do Young Kim
  Cancers.2025; 17(4): 566.     CrossRef
• Comparison of hepatocellular carcinoma incidence after long-term treatment with besifovir vs. tenofovir AF
  Hyuk Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Yoon E. Shin, Hye-Jin Yoo, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim, Young-Seok Kim
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Targeting metabolic diseases with celastrol: A comprehensive review of anti-inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential
  Xiaojuan Wang, Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar, Song Liqun, Mohd Asyraf Kassim, Khairul Anuar Shariff, Thiruventhan Karunakaran
  Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2025; 344: 119560.     CrossRef
• Advancements in autoimmune hepatitis epidemiology, treatment and complication – a 15-year retrospective study
  Mifleh Tatour, Fadi Abu Baker, Tarek Saadi, Ahmad Yahia, Rawi Hazzan
  Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology.2025; 49(4): 102570.     CrossRef
• Metabolic Cause of Cirrhosis Is the Emerging Etiology for Primary Liver Cancer in the Asia‐Oceania Region: Analysis of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021
  Suprabhat Giri, Sushrut Ingawale, Gaurav Khatana, Prasanna Gore, Dibya Lochan Praharaj, Vincent Wai‐Sun Wong, Daniel Q. Huang, Amit Singhal, Ashok Choudhury
  Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2025; 40(5): 1188.     CrossRef
• Role of hepatotropic viruses in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma—current knowledge and recent advances
  Piotr Starnawski, Klaudia Nowak, Zuzanna Augustyn, Dominik Malicki, Aleksandra Piąta, Dominika Lorek, Jakub Janczura
  Medical Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Investigating the functional role of BUB1B in aflatoxin B1-associated hepatocarcinogenesis
  Hayam Hamdy, Wafaa A. Aly, Eyad Elkord
  Toxicology.2025; 514: 154127.     CrossRef
• Synergistic effects of L-arginine and argininosuccinate synthetase 1 in inducing apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
  Jin Sun Kim, Won-Mook Choi, Ha-Il Kim, Sung Won Chung, Jonggi Choi, Danbi Lee, Kang Mo Kim
  Journal of Liver Cancer.2025; 25(1): 79.     CrossRef
• Association between allopurinol and hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of genetic risk and patient survival
  Yu-fu Li, Hui-wei Wang, Huan-yan Peng, Zhen-ying Zhang, Zhi-jia Yao, Yuan Meng, Dong-ye Yang
  Discover Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Comparative Analysis of the Roles of von Willebrand Factor and ADAMTS13 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Bioinformatics and Microarray-Based Study
  Durmuş Ayan, Şerife Buket Bozkurt Polat, Ergül Bayram, Esma Özmen, Fatma Esin Aydın, Serpil Ersan
  Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2025; 47(4): 270.     CrossRef
• Hepatitis B virus genotype distribution and mutation patterns: Insights and clinical implications for hepatitis B virus positive patients
  Manisha M Ratnaparkhi, Chanda R Vyawahare, Nageswari R Gandham
  World Journal of Experimental Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Reply to correspondence on “Aberrant fragmentomic features of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA enable early detection and prognosis prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma”
  Hyuk Soo Eun
  Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2025; 31(2): e215.     CrossRef
• Construction of a tumor immune microenvironment-related risk scoring model for prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
  Xinyi Li, Zifan Qin, Haozhi Chen, Daichuan Chen, Nafisa Alimu, Duoduo Li, Xiyu Cheng, Qiong Yan, Lishu Zhang, Xingwei Liu, Zitong Zhou, Jiayi Zhu, Hangqi Ma, Xinyue Pei, Hanli Xu, Jiaqiang Huang
  International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparative Hepatic Outcomes of SGLT2i or DPP4i Compared to GLP‐1RA in CHB and T2DM Patients
  Byungyoon Yun, Juyeon Oh, Heejoo Park, Jian Lee, Beom Kyung Kim, Jin‐Ha Yoon
  Liver International.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Bioinformatics-driven identification of key non-invasive prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma
  Muhammad-Redha Abdullah-Zawawi, Muhammad Irfan Abdul Jalal, Shing Cheng Tan, Loscheni Varma, Nur Alyaa Afifah Md Shahri, Mira Farzana Mohamad Mokhtar, Ryia Illani Mohd Yunos, Nurul Syakima Ab Mutalib, Rahman Jamal
  Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Marine L-arginase encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles: A novel anti-cancer strategy for effective hepatocellular carcinoma treatment in vitro and in vivo
  Amria M. Mousa, Mohamed Abdelraof, Amany A. Hassabo, Doaa A. Darwish, Mona M.A. Abdel-Mottaleb, Rasha M. Allam
  Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology.2025; 109: 106980.     CrossRef
• Redefining precision medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma through omics, translational, and AI-based innovations
  Rashi Jain, Sathish Kumar Mungamuri, Prabha Garg
  The Journal of Precision Medicine: Health and Disease.2025; 1: 100003.     CrossRef
• Myosteatosis and the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis
  Yongjuan Wu, Guangyuan Cheng, Jun Han, Qingsong Yang
  Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring the antitumor potential of cucurbitacin B in hepatocellular carcinoma through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations
  Hongyu Zhang, Baixiu Wu, Liuhua Ke, Xiaoyuan Fan, Liji Huang, Zheng Peng
  Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2025; 398(11): 14751.     CrossRef
• Therapeutic efficacy of canagliflozin against hepatocarcinogenesis induced by CDD/DEN/TAA in a rat model: regulation of AMPK/HIF-1α/YAP-1/TAZ signaling pathways
  Hany M. Fayed, Gihan F. Asaad, Marawan A. Elbaset, Ola A. Sharaf, Sawsan S. Mahmoud, Mohamed M. Amin, Zeinab A. El-Gendy, Fatma A. Ibrahim, Sherein S. Abdelgayed, Rehab F. Abdel-Rahman
  Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2025; 398(11): 16131.     CrossRef
• The use of artificial intelligence in stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
  Atsuto Katano
  Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Extracellular vesicles as a promising platform of precision medicine in liver cancer
  Keyang Xu, Qibiao Wu, Zhao Lingyun, Romario Nguyen, Fatema Safri, William Yang, Yikun Xu, Yun Ye, Hiu Yee Kwan, Qiang Wang, Xiuming Liang, Muhammad J.A. Shiddiky, Majid E. Warkiani, Jacob George, Liang Qiao, Jianfeng Bao
  Pharmacological Research.2025; 217: 107800.     CrossRef
• Spinal Cord Infarction After Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report
  Tho Tran Dinh, Sy Than Van, Vinh Chu Van, Phuc Chu Minh
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association between early job loss and prognosis among hepatocellular carcinoma survivors
  B Yun, J Oh, S H Ahn, B K Kim, J-H Yoon
  Occupational Medicine.2025; 75(2): 113.     CrossRef
• All-cause and disease-specific mortality in young adults with MASLD: A nationwide cohort study
  Jeayeon Park, Goh Eun Chung, Su Jong Yu, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Kyungdo Han, Eun Ju Cho
  JHEP Reports.2025; 7(9): 101477.     CrossRef
• Low-Abundance Serum Protein Biomarker Candidates for HCC in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
  Muhammad Salman Sajid, Rency S. Varghese, Alexander Kroemer, Habtom W. Ressom
  Journal of Proteome Research.2025; 24(7): 3656.     CrossRef
• Roadmap for HCC Surveillance and Management in the Asia Pacific
  Masatoshi Kudo, Bui Thi Oanh, Chien-Jen Chen, Do Thi Ngat, Jacob George, Do Young Kim, Luckxawan Pimsawadi, Pisit Tangkijvanich, Raoh-Fang Pwu, Rosmawati Mohamed, Sakarn Bunnag, Sheng-Nan Lu, Sirintip Kudtiyakarn, Tatsuya Kanto, Teerha Piratvisuth, Chao-C
  Cancers.2025; 17(12): 1928.     CrossRef
• Computational Repurposing of Approved Drugs: Exploring New Therapeutic Avenues for Liver Disorders
  Pranali Jadhav, Asha Thomas, Somdatta Chaudhari, Sohan Chitlange
  Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Antibody treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of current and emerging approaches
  Sherif A. El-Kafrawy, Mostafa S. Elkafrawy, Esam I. Azhar, Anwaar Saeed, Ashraf A. Tabll
  Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pathogenic effects of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its potentials as a diagnostic biomarker
  Usman Umar Liman, Asanka Sudeshini Hawage, Sumadee De Silva, Saumya Madushani Samarasinghe, Kamani Hemamala Tennekoon, Rohan Chaminda Siriwardana, Madunil Anuk Niriella
  Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Perspectives on NcRNAs in HBV/cccDNA-driven HCC progression
  Yang-Hsiang Lin, Ming-Wei Lai, Chau-Ting Yeh, Wey-Ran Lin
  Cancer Cell International.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Burden of liver cancer in the European region from 1990 to 2021: a sub-analysis of the global burden of disease study
  Onika Kazi, Shokoufeh Hamidzadeh, Babak Ehsani Zunuz, Abdolsabour Khordoo, Seyede Saba Mazloomi, Hossein Khademsedaghat, Mohammad Amin Khadembashiri
  Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2025; 87(7): 4053.     CrossRef
• Systemic treatment of liver cancer: Current status and future perspectives
  Chun-Bo Li, Yu-Ting Ning, Nai-Ying Shen, Ben Wang, Han Xiao, Gang Luo
  World Journal of Hepatology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring the Epidemiologic Burden, Pathogenetic Features, and Clinical Outcomes of Primary Liver Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Scoping Review
  Mario Romeo, Fiammetta Di Nardo, Carmine Napolitano, Claudio Basile, Carlo Palma, Paolo Vaia, Marcello Dallio, Alessandro Federico
  Diabetology.2025; 6(8): 79.     CrossRef
• Rapid Bone Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report
  Laraib ., Uzma Khalid, Ayesha Khalid
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Multi-Omics Feature Selection to Identify Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  Rency S. Varghese, Xinran Zhang, Sarada Giridharan, Muhammad Salman Sajid, Md Mamunur Rashid, Alexander Kroemer, Habtom W. Ressom
  Metabolites.2025; 15(9): 575.     CrossRef
• The PNPLA3 I148M variant is associated with immune cell infiltration and advanced fibrosis in MASLD: a prospective genotype–phenotype study
  Jaejun Lee, Jung Hoon Cha, Hee Sun Cho, Keungmo Yang, Hyun Yang, Heechul Nam, Mi Young Byun, Seok Keun Cho, Jinsung Park, Hyuk Wan Ko, Seong Wook Yang, Pil Soo Sung, Si Hyun Bae
  Journal of Gastroenterology.2025; 60(10): 1284.     CrossRef
• Emodin promotes GSK-3β-mediated PD-L1 proteasomal degradation and enhances anti-tumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma
  Xuemei Yang, Weiguang Chen, Haitao Sun, Weicong Chen, Wei Xu, Chunyu He, Yang Liu, Ying Kuang, Yanhao Ma, Binglian Zhong, Chaojie Li, Guohuan Li, Qingfeng Du, Songqi He
  Chinese Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Direct-acting Antivirals Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis C Patients
  Seul Ki Han, Soon Koo Baik, Moon Young Kim
  Journal of Digestive Cancer Research.2025; 13(2): 150.     CrossRef
• Quantum chemical optimization and residue-specific stabilization of CDK20 inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma
  Ahmed I. Foudah, Mohammed H. Alqarni, Tariq M. Aljarba, Talha Jawaid, Osama A. Alkhamees, Saud M. Alsanad, Khalid I. AlHussaini, Aftab Alam
  Molecular Diversity.2025; 30(3): 3977.     CrossRef
• Association between metabolites and hepatocellular carcinoma: findings from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
  Tung Hoang, Van Mai Truong, Tho Thi Anh Tran, Bao Le Thai Tran, Ngoc Hong Cao
  Journal of Liver Cancer.2025; 25(2): 251.     CrossRef
• Fig Seed Oil Induces Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells
  Adem Yavaş
  SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2025; 32(3): 230.     CrossRef
• Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression as a Prognostic Marker in Early-Stage HCC Undergoing Resection or Liver Transplantation
  Ramona Cadar, Alin Mihai Vasilescu, Ana Maria Trofin, Alexandru Grigorie Nastase, Mihai Zabara, Cristina Muzica, Corina Lupascu Ursulescu, Mihai Danciu, Andrei Pascu, Iulian Buzincu, Delia Ciobanu, Ianole Victor, Cristian Dumitru Lupascu
  Life.2025; 15(10): 1589.     CrossRef
• Quantification, antioxidant, in-silico molecular docking and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of Sepia ink polysaccharides prepared from Sepia pharaonis
  Sandhanam Kuppusamy, Bedanta Bhattacharjee, Abarnadevika Alagiri, Sumithra Mohan, Ram Kumar Sahu, Abhishek Bhattacharjee, Chitra Vellapandian
  Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• MicroRNA Landscape in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Metabolic Re-Wiring, Predictive and Diagnostic Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets
  Dimitris Liapopoulos, Panagiotis Sarantis, Theodora Biniari, Thaleia-Eleftheria Bousou, Eleni-Myrto Trifylli, Ioanna A. Anastasiou, Stefania Kokkali, Dimitra Korakaki, Spyridon Pantzios, Evangelos Koustas, Ioannis Elefsiniotis, Michalis V. Karamouzis
  Biomedicines.2025; 13(9): 2243.     CrossRef
• Current status and future perspectives of minimally invasive liver surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma
  Jai Young Cho, Ho-Seong Han, Yoo-Seok Yoon, Hae Won Lee, Boram Lee, Yeshong Park, Hyelim Joo, Seung Yeon Lim
  Journal of Liver Cancer.2025; 25(2): 233.     CrossRef
• Navigating liver cancer with mouse models: a comprehensive overview of HCC experimental systems
  Ga-Young Kim, Dokyung Kim, Jaehyun Jeon, Wonhyo Seo, Seol Hee Park
  Journal of Liver Cancer.2025; 25(2): 239.     CrossRef
• Effects of the Polar Fraction of Lophocereus schottii on Gene Expression and Hepatocyte Proliferation in a Wistar Rat Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  Marina Campos-Valdez, Jaime Sánchez-Meza, Arturo Orozco-Barocio, José A. Domínguez-Rosales, Juliana Marisol Godínez-Rubí, Sarai C. Rodríguez-Reyes, Erika Martínez-López, Miriam R. Bueno-Topete, Manuel A. Castro-García, Guillermo M. Zúñiga-González, Daniel
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(19): 9788.     CrossRef
• Radiomic Analysis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Prospects and Clinical Benefits (Review)
  E. B. Kodzoeva, K. A. Romanova, B. M. Medvedeva, N. Ts. Drobot
  Journal of oncology: diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy.2025; 8(3): 78.     CrossRef
• Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of [68Ga]Ga-RAYZ-8009, a Glypican 3–Targeting Compound for Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  Oliver Viering, Julia Brosch-Lenz, Ralph A. Bundschuh, Helen Scholtissek, Johanna S. Enke, Adriana Amerein, Georgine Wienand, Alexander Dierks, Malte Kircher, Marianne Patt, Christian H. Pfob, Constantin Lapa
  Journal of Nuclear Medicine.2025; 66(11): 1737.     CrossRef
• Evaluating the Antitumor Effect of Root Extract of Salvadora persica in Hepatocarcinoma Through the Induction of Apoptosis via an Intrinsic Pathway: An In Vitro Study
  Fouzia Latif, Kong Qun, Mingjing Lu
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nationwide analysis of renal outcomes in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with Tenofovir Alafenamide vs. Entecavir
  Hyuk Kim, Jae Young Kim, Hye-Jin Yoo, Log Young Kim, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim, Young-Seok Kim
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Arachidonic acid induces ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma via the SIRT5-ACSL4/LPCAT3/ALOX15 axis, leading to lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction
  Peisen Xue, Jingting Zhang, Zhibing Wang, Ling Wu, Jincheng Tang, Renyi Yang, Wenhui Gao, Puhua Zeng
  Phytomedicine.2025; 148: 157450.     CrossRef
• Quantitative Ultrasound Assessment of Liver Fat Using Deep Learning and Clinical Data Integration
  Jirakorn Jamrasnarodom, Terapap Apiparakoon, Sanparith Marukatat, Oracha Chaichuen, Sasima Sukchareon, Roongruedee Chaiteerakij
  Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering.2025; 45(6): 817.     CrossRef
• Racial disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma: a TCGA-based gene expression study of Caucasian and Asian populations
  Muhammad Rezki Rasyak, Sri Jayanti, Cyrollah Disoma, Bens Pardamean, Caecilia Sukowati
  Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Circulating miRNAs combined with AFP improve diagnostic accuracy for HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
  Ngo Dieu Hoa, Dao Phuong Giang, Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, Dang Thi Ngoc Dung, Mai Thanh Binh, Ngo Tat Trung, Tran Thi Thanh Huyen, Hoang Van Tong, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Le Huu Song, Nghiem Xuan Hoan
  Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports.2025; 44: 102343.     CrossRef
• A contrast‑enhanced CT histogram‑driven nomogram for predicting post‑radiotherapy liver regeneration in hepatocellular carcinoma
  Bo Liu, Yuan Xu, Xijie Zhang, Wei Qi, Bo Ren, Wenjia Kong, Wence Zhou
  Radiation Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• –A novel peptide SMIM45-107aa promotes HCC progression via MTDH pathways and its anticancer peptide derivative
  Yan An, Xiangyang Shi, Wentao Huang, Mingyi Shang, Guang-Zhi Jin
  Journal of Translational Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Missed on Ultrasonography: A Case Report
  Tom Ryu, Jae Young Jang, Yon Hee Kim, Young Chang, Soung Won Jeong
  Clinical Ultrasound.2025; 10(2): 114.     CrossRef
• Personalized Mortality Risk Stratification in ALD- and MASLD-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using a Machine Learning Approach
  Miguel Suárez, Sergio Gil-Rojas, Pablo Martínez-Blanco, Ana M. Torres, Natalia Martínez-García, Miguel Torralba, Jorge Mateo
  Metabolites.2025; 16(1): 8.     CrossRef
• Clinicopathological profile of gastrointestinal tract malignancies: A retrospective study.
  Bhupendra Singh Chahar, Gull Mohammad Mohammad Bhat, Ram Krishna, Anushree Chaturvedi, Chander Dutti, Sourav Debnath, Naman Bansal
  Asian Journal of Oncology.2025; 11: 23.     CrossRef
• Immunotherapy as a Complement to Surgical Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  Susan J. Kim, Kaelyn C. Cummins, Allan Tsung
  Cancers.2024; 16(10): 1852.     CrossRef
• Inflammatory Response in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Double-Edged Weapon
  Linda Galasso, Lucia Cerrito, Valeria Maccauro, Fabrizio Termite, Irene Mignini, Giorgio Esposto, Raffaele Borriello, Maria Elena Ainora, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Assunta Zocco
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(13): 7191.     CrossRef
• Impacts of smoking on alcoholic liver disease: a nationwide cohort study
  Jeong-Ju Yoo, Dong Hyeon Lee, Sang Gyune Kim, Jae Young Jang, Young Seok Kim, Log Young Kim
  Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Contemporary epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma: understanding risk factors and surveillance strategies
  Fouad Jaber, George Cholankeril, Hashem B El-Serag
  Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology.2024; 7(5): 331.     CrossRef
• Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram to predict the recurrence of AFP-negative and DCP-positive hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection
  Junnan Li, Qi Wang, Yadong Yan, Lina Sun, Gongming Zhang, Guangming Li, Ronghua Jin
  Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Biomarker discovery in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for personalized treatment and enhanced prognosis
  Baofa Yu, Wenxue Ma
  Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews.2024; 79: 29.     CrossRef
• Mapping the Hidden Terrain of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Exploring Regional Differences in Incidence and Mortality across Two Decades by Using the Largest US Datasets
  Yazan Abboud, Vraj P. Shah, Michael Bebawy, Ahmed Al-Khazraji, Kaveh Hajifathalian, Paul J. Gaglio
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(17): 5256.     CrossRef
• Bridging hope: Retrospective analysis of stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma-A promising and cost-effective solution for low-and middle-income countries
  Rakesh Kapoor, Treshita Dey, Divya Khosla, Sunil Taneja, Naveen Kalra, Rajesh Gupta
  Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment.2024; 7(3): 326.     CrossRef
• Absence of Survival Impact from Hepatitis During Immunotherapy in 193 Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma – An Observational Study from Taiwan
  Chi-Han Lin, Yung-Chia Kuo, Hsuan-Chih Kuo, Ching-Ting Wang, Shi-Ming Lin, Alan Chao-Wei Lee, Ming-Chin Yu, Wei-Chen Lee, Cherry Chiao-Erh Chen, Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
  Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.2024; Volume 11: 1875.     CrossRef
• A Potential Pneumothorax Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Case Report and Literature Review
  Yoon-E Shin, Hyuk Kim, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
  Medicina.2024; 60(10): 1634.     CrossRef
• Management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
  Peijun Xu, Maoyun Liu, Miao Liu, Ai Shen
  BioScience Trends.2024; 18(5): 431.     CrossRef
• Gene targets with therapeutic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma
  Syifaus Shodry, Yuliono Trika Nur Hasan, Iwal Reza Ahdi, Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
  World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.2024; 16(12): 4543.     CrossRef
• Evolving epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in South Korea: incidence, prevalence, progression, and healthcare implications from 2010 to 2022
  Jae Woo Park, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Dong Hyeon Lee, Young Chang, Hoongil Jo, Young Youn Cho, Sangheun Lee, Log Young Kim, Jae Young Jang
  The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(6): 931.     CrossRef
• Pathogenesis and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a narrative review
  Han Ah Lee
  The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Lower Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Tenofovir Alafenamide in Chronic Hepatitis B: Evidence from a Large-Scale Cohort
  Hye-Jin Yoo, Jae-Young Kim, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Hye Won Lee, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
  JHEP Reports.2024; : 101268.     CrossRef
• Microwave ablation versus single-needle radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of HCC up to 4 cm: A randomized control trial
  Katsutoshi Sugimoto, Kento Imajo, Hidekatsu Kuroda, Go Murohisa, Kazue Shiozawa, Kentaro Sakamaki, Takuya Wada, Hirohito Takeuchi, Kei Endo, Tamami Abe, Takashi Matsui, Takahiro Murakami, Masato Yoneda, Atsushi Nakajima, Shigehiro Kokubu, Takao Itoi
  JHEP Reports.2024; : 101269.     CrossRef
• The histopathological and molecular heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma: a narrative review
  Wonju Chung, Haeryoung Kim
  The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Enhancing global hepatocellular carcinoma management: Bridging Eastern and Western perspectives on dexamethasone and N-acetylcysteine before transarterial chemoembolization
  Thang Viet Luong, Nam Van Duc Nguyen, Linh Duy Le, Hieu Nguyen Hoang Minh, Hai Nguyen Ngoc Dang
  World Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 30(47): 4983.     CrossRef
• Predicting Microvascular Invasion in Liver Transplant Recipients for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  Usman I Aujla, Imran Ali Syed, Kashif Rafi, Ammara Naveed, Ahmad K Malik, Muhammad Yasir Khan, Ihsan Ul Haq, Sohail Rashid, Osama T Butt, Faisal Dar
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Influence of Sex and Age on Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  Iuliana Pompilia Radu, Bernhard Scheiner, Jonas Schropp, Maria Gabriela Delgado, Birgit Schwacha-Eipper, Chaonan Jin, Jean-Francois Dufour, Matthias Pinter
  Cancers.2024; 16(23): 4023.     CrossRef
• Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Treated with Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents and Occurrence/Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Does It Still Matter?
  Carlo Smirne, Maria Grazia Crobu, Irene Landi, Nicole Vercellino, Daria Apostolo, David James Pinato, Federica Vincenzi, Rosalba Minisini, Stelvio Tonello, Davide D’Onghia, Antonio Ottobrelli, Silvia Martini, Christian Bracco, Luigi Maria Fenoglio, Mauro
  Viruses.2024; 16(12): 1899.     CrossRef
• Statin use and liver-related prognosis among patients with MASLD
  Byungyoon Yun, Heejoo Park, Jian Lee, Beom Kyung Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon
  JHEP Reports.2024; : 101313.     CrossRef
• Long-term results of surgical treatment of hepatocellular cancer in Russian real practice
  V. V. Petkau, R. I. Rasulov, A. A. Muratov, G. V. Nurbekyan, I. B. Uvarov, A. A. Kirshin, R. V. Orlova, N. V. Popova, M. S. Dinikin, R. Yu. Khlobystin, A. V. Sultanbaev, K. V. Menshikov, O. G. Orlov
  Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council.2024; (21): 114.     CrossRef
• Overall Survival and the Impact of Albumin-bilirubin Grade in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Data from a Tertiary Care Hospital in a Lower-middle-income Country
  Mohammad SS Naviwala, Waqas A Khan, Adeeba Zaki, Mahnoor Tariq, Faiza Ahmed, Warda Saleem, Munira Moosajee, Yasmin A Rashid
  Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterology.2024; 14(2): 251.     CrossRef
• The roles and mechanisms of miRNA in HBV-HCC carcinogenesis: Why no therapeutic agents after 30 years?
  KURT SARTORIUS, BENN SARTORIUS, CHERIE WINKLER, ANIL CHUTURGOON, ANNA KRAMVIS, PING AN, WEIGANG ZHANG, YUNJIE LU
  BIOCELL.2024; 48(11): 1543.     CrossRef