Abstract

It is not common that hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) grow into portal vein (PV), inferior vena cava (IVC) and even into right atrium (RA). Tumor thrombus in PV may soon cause esophageal bleeing and tumor thrombus in the IVC/RA may cause fatal complications such as heart failure and lung embolism. Even if the prognosis in these patient is very poor, the need for operation is imminent for above complications. Surgical excision can be performed safely and reliably by using Hanging maneuver, Anterior approach, Glissonian approach and Total hepatic vascular exclusion. Surgical principle and treatments were described in these patients with tumor thrombus in PV, IVC and RA.

• Keywords: Surgery;HCC;Tumor thombus;PV;IVC