1. Bosetti C, Turati F, La Vecchia C. Hepatocellular carcinoma epidemiology. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2014;28:753-770.
2. Lyu H, Lee D, Chung YH, Kim JA, Lee JH, Jin YJ, et al. Synergistic effects of A1896, T1653 and T1762/A1764 mutations in genotype c2 hepatitis B virus on development of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Viral Hepat 2013;20:219-224.
3. Mathews P, Lee D, Chung YH, Kim JA, Lee JH, Jin YJ, et al. Effects of genomic changes in hepatitis B virus on postoperative recurrence and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2013;20:1216-1222.
4. Jiang BH, Liu LZ. PI3K/PTEN signaling in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008;1784:150-158.
5. Li L, Ross AH. Why is PTEN an important tumor suppressor? J Cell Biochem 2007;102:1368-1374.
6. Wang L, Wang WL, Zhang Y, Guo SP, Zhang J, Li QL. Epigenetic and genetic alterations of PTEN in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2007;37:389-396.
7. Khalid A, Hussain T, Manzoor S, Saalim M, Khaliq S.
PTEN: a potential prognostic marker in virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017;39:1010428317705754.
8. Kang-Park S, Im JH, Lee JH, Lee YI. PTEN modulates hepatitis B virus-X protein induced survival signaling in Chang liver cells. Virus Res 2006;122:53-60.
9. Jin YJ, Lee D, Chung YH, Kim JA, Kim SE, Lee YS, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphism associated with development of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Gastroenterol 2015;49:e76-e81.
10. Kim SS, Cho HJ, Lee HY, Park JH, Noh CK, Shin SJ, et al. Genetic polymorphisms in the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway genes as predictors of tumor development and survival in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Biochem 2016;49:792-801.
13. Marrero JA, Kulik LM, Sirlin CB, Zhu AX, Finn RS, Abecassis MM, et al. Diagnosis, staging, and management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2018 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2018;68:723-750.
15. Lee SK, Kim MH, Cheong JY, Cho SW, Yang SJ, Kwack K. Integrin alpha V polymorphisms and haplotypes in a Korean population are associated with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2009;29:187-195.
16. Ding J, Gao Y, Liu R, Xu F, Liu H. Association of PTEN polymorphisms with susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in a Han Chinese population. DNA Cell Biol 2011;30:229-234.
18. Rossi DJ, Weissman IL. PTEN, tumorigenesis, and stem cell selfrenewal. Cell 2006;125:229-231.
19. Sansal I, Sellers WR. The biology and clinical relevance of the PTEN tumor suppressor pathway. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2954-2963.
20. Wan XW, Jiang M, Cao HF, He YQ, Liu SQ, Qiu XH, et al. The alteration of PTEN tumor suppressor expression and its association with the histopathological features of human primary hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2003;129:100-106.
24. Lacey JV Jr, Yang H, Gaudet MM, Dunning A, Lissowska J, Sherman ME, et al. Endometrial cancer and genetic variation in PTEN, PIK3CA, AKT1, MLH1, and MSH2 within a population-based casecontrol study. Gynecol Oncol 2011;120:167-173.