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Review Article
- Radiologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma related to prognosis
- Shin Hye Hwang, Hyungjin Rhee
- J Liver Cancer. 2023;23(1):143-156. Published online March 9, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2023.02.16
- 4,180 Views
- 180 Downloads
- 11 Citations
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Abstract
PDF - The cross-sectional imaging findings play a crucial role in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies have shown that imaging findings of HCC are not only relevant for the diagnosis of HCC, but also for identifying genetic and pathologic characteristics and determining prognosis. Imaging findings such as rim arterial phase hyperenhancement, arterial phase peritumoral hyperenhancement, hepatobiliary phase peritumoral hypointensity, non-smooth tumor margin, low apparent diffusion coefficient, and the LR-M category of the Liver Imaging-Reporting and Data System have been reported to be associated with poor prognosis. In contrast, imaging findings such as enhancing capsule appearance, hepatobiliary phase hyperintensity, and fat in mass have been reported to be associated with a favorable prognosis. Most of these imaging findings were examined in retrospective, single-center studies that were not adequately validated. However, the imaging findings can be applied for deciding the treatment strategy for HCC, if their significance can be confirmed by a large multicenter study. In this literature, we would like to review imaging findings related to the prognosis of HCC as well as their associated clinicopathological characteristics.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- A Nomogram Based on MRI Visual Decision Tree to Evaluate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hanting Dai, Chuan Yan, Wanrong Huang, Yifan Pan, Feng Pan, Yamei Liu, Shunli Wang, Huifang Wang, Rongping Ye, Yueming Li
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.2025; 61(2): 970. CrossRef - Prediction early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and IVIM
Da Guo, Liping Liu, Yu Jin
European Journal of Radiology Open.2025; 14: 100643. CrossRef - Radiomics and machine learning based on preoperative MRI for predicting extrahepatic metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization
Gang Peng, Xiaojing Cao, Xiaoyu Huang, Xiang Zhou
European Journal of Radiology Open.2024; 12: 100551. CrossRef - Clinical Parameters Work Well as Predictive Factors for Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab Treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Ji Yeon Lee, Pil Soo Sung
Gut and Liver.2024; 18(4): 558. CrossRef - Advances in Understanding Hepatocellular Carcinoma Vasculature: Implications for Diagnosis, Prognostication, and Treatment
Hyungjin Rhee, Young Nyun Park, Jin-Young Choi
Korean Journal of Radiology.2024; 25(10): 887. CrossRef - Inter-reader agreement for CT/MRI LI-RADS category M imaging features: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Dong Hwan Kim, Sang Hyun Choi
Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(2): 192. CrossRef - Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver
Mingyue Song, Yuhao Tao, Hanjun Zhang, Mingzhan Du, Lingchuan Guo, Chunhong Hu, Weiguo Zhang
Magnetic Resonance Imaging.2024; 114: 110241. CrossRef - Prediction of PD-L1 expression in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI
Jun Gu Kang, Kyunghwa Han, Taek Chung, Hyungjin Rhee
European Journal of Radiology.2024; 181: 111772. CrossRef - The histopathological and molecular heterogeneity of hepatocellular
carcinoma: a narrative review
Wonju Chung, Haeryoung Kim
The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features Can Predict Immune-Excluded Phenotype of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Eisuke Ueshima, Keitaro Sofue, Takahiro Kodama, Shuhei Yamamoto, Masato Komatsu, Shohei Komatsu, Nobuaki Ishihara, Akihiro Umeno, Takeru Yamaguchi, Masatoshi Hori, Takumi Fukumoto, Tetsuo Takehara, Takamichi Murakami
Liver Cancer.2024; : 1. CrossRef - Imaging prognostication and tumor biology in hepatocellular carcinoma
Diana Kadi, Marilyn F. Yamamoto, Emily C. Lerner, Hanyu Jiang, Kathryn J. Fowler, Mustafa R. Bashir
Journal of Liver Cancer.2023; 23(2): 284. CrossRef
- A Nomogram Based on MRI Visual Decision Tree to Evaluate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Original Article
- Transarterial Chemoembolization versus Radiofrequency Ablation for Small Hepatocellular Carcinomas with Discrepant Features on Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Young Youn Cho, Jung Hee Kwon, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Jeong Min Lee, Jae Young Lee, Hyo-Choel Kim, Jin Wook Chung, Won-mook Choi, Eun Ju Cho, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Chung Yong Kim, Hyo-Suk Lee
- J Liver Cancer. 2015;15(1):19-29. Published online March 31, 2015
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.15.1.19
- 1,711 Views
- 11 Downloads
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Abstract
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- Background/Aims
This study compared the outcomes of patients with small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) who were treated using transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA).
Methods
This was a post-hoc analysis of a prospective study that evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). We analyzed 41 small hepatic nodules in 32 patients that showed typical radiologic hallmarks on both CT and gadoxate-enhanced MRI (typical nodules) and 25 small hepatic nodules from 22 patients that showed atypical radiologic hallmarks on CT and typical radiologic hallmarks on MRI (discrepant nodules).
Results
There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the patients with typical and discrepant nodules. Complete response rates 1 month after TACE or RFA were 75.0% (18/24) and 94.1% (16/17; P=0.20), respectively, for the patients with typical nodules and 58.8% (10/17) and 100% (8/8; P=0.05), respectively, for the patients with discrepant nodules. Treatment failure rates after TACE or RFA were 33.3% (8/24) and 5.8% (1/17; P=0.15), respectively, for the patients with typical nodules and 47.0% (8/17) and 0.0% (0/8; P=0.02), respectively, for the patients with discrepant nodules. Among patients achieving complete response, there were no significant differences in the risk of marginal recurrence.
Conclusions
RFA provided higher complete response rates and significantly lower treatment failure rates than TACE for patients with discrepant nodules of HCC. Therefore, a treatment modality such as RFA may be preferable for small HCCs which show discrepancy on two imaging modalities.
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