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Review Article
- Clonorchis sinensis and Biliary Stones as Etiological Factors of Cholangiocarcinoma
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Dongil Choi, Jae Hoon Lim
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Journal of the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group. 2010;10(1):22-28. Published online June 30, 2010
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Abstract
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- C. sinensis induces adenomatous hyperplasia of the epithelium of the bile ducts, and the epithelium of the bile duct persistently
exposed to biochemically altered bile may undergo the sequence, hyperplasia-metaplaisa-dysplasia-carcinoma. Cholangiocarcinomas
were developed in most hamsters treated with an N-nitroso compound and then infected with C. sinensis. In the patients with
intrahepatic duct stones, bile usually infected with bacteria. Mechanical stimuli due to stones, long-lasting bile stasis, and bacterial
infection are considered to be the other significant causative factors in cholangiocarcinogenesis. Radiological examinations are
essential in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tree diseases including clonorchiasis, biliary stone disease, and cholangiocarcinoma.
As both C. sinensis and intrahepatic duct stones are common, radiological and clinical findings should be attentively investigated for
the possible presence of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with clonorchiasis or intrahepatic duct stones.
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