Journal of Liver Cancer

Orbital metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: rare cause of exophthalmos in chronic liver disease: Eunjee Lim, Eun Sun Jang, Jin Ho Paik, Sook-Hyang Jeong, Jin-Wook Kim; J Liver Cancer. 2025;25(2):266-271. Published online May 22, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2025.05.06

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Abstract PDF: Orbital metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is extremely rare, and patients often present with ocular symptoms before the primary tumor is diagnosed. Here, we report two cases of orbital metastasis from HCC with distinct clinical courses. The first case involved a patient with no prior cancer history who presented with vision loss and was subsequently diagnosed with HCC following an orbital mass biopsy. The second case involved a patient with known HCC undergoing treatment who initially presented with periorbital swelling misdiagnosed as cellulitis before orbital metastasis was confirmed. Both cases highlight the importance of considering orbital metastasis in patients with ocular symptoms, even in the absence of a known malignancy. Given the poor prognosis and limited treatment options for orbital metastasis, early recognition through imaging and histopathological confirmation is crucial for appropriate management.

Hepatocellular carcinoma with Budd-Chiari syndrome due to membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava with long-term follow-up: a case report: Choong Hee Kim, Gwang Hyeon Choi, Hee Young Na, Chang Jin Yoon, Jai Young Cho, Sangmi Jang, Ji Hye Kim, Eun Sun Jang, Jin-Wook Kim, Sook-Hyang Jeong; J Liver Cancer. 2022;22(2):194-201. Published online September 15, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2022.08.24

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Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava (MOVC) is a rare subset of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) with a subacute onset that is often complicated by cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we report a case of recurrent HCC in a patient with cirrhosis and BCS that was treated with several episodes of transarterial chemoembolization followed by surgical tumorectomy, whereas the MOVC was successfully treated with balloon angioplasty followed by endovascular stenting. The patient was followed up for 9.9 years without anticoagulation and experienced no stent thrombosis. After the tumorectomy, the patient was HCC-free for 4.4 years of follow-up.

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Multidisciplinary collaboration successfully treated Budd Chiari syndrome complicated with hepatocellular carcinoma rupture and bleeding: A case report
Lian Liao, Yuyang Qiu, Xiaobo Gong
Medicine.2025; 104(51): e46748. CrossRef

A Case of Rapid Progressive Extrahepatic Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Surgical Resection for Huge Single Mass: Eun Sun Jang, Haeryoung Kim, Young Rok Choi, Jai Young Cho, Yoo-Seok Yoon, Ho-Seong Han, Ji Hyun Kim, Jin-Wook Kim, Sook-Hyang Jeong; J Liver Cancer. 2016;16(1):42-46. Published online March 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.16.1.42

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows a poor prognosis with high recurrence rate even after surgical resection. To improve prognosis of HCC patient, regular surveillance for high-risk group is recommended, but cost-benefit of the surveillance under 40 years old Asian male with hepatitis B infection is unclear. We share a 39-year-old male case which showed early recurrence and rapid extrahepatic metastasis after surgical resection for single huge HCC. Based on the pathologic finding, this case was diagnosed with ‘stemness’-related markerexpressing HCC. Further molecular classification for HCC could be beneficial to estimate individual risk for HCC recurrence and to predict prognosis.

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Rapid Bone Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report
Laraib ., Uzma Khalid, Ayesha Khalid
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

A Case of Surgically Diagnosed, Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Well-differentiated Type: seung-Seok Ki, Duck-Ryung Kim, Sook-Hyang Jeong, Chul-Ju Han, Jin Kim, Yu-Cheol Kim, Jin-Oh Lee, Sang-Beom Kim, Dong-Wook Choi, Young Han Kim, Dong-Hee Park, Byung-Hee Lee, Sun-Hoo Park; Journal of the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group. 2004;4(1):39-41. Published online June 30, 2004

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Abstract PDF: The diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) of well-differentiated type is not always easy and is often problematic in clinical practice. Hepatic resection provides excellent survival for well-differentiated HCC. We report a case of small HCC with well-differentiated type, which was surgically diagnosed, in a 47-year-old man.

A Case of Early, Widespread Intrahepatic Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Surgical Resection: Seung-Seok Ki, Duck-Ryung Kim, Sook-Hyang Jeong, Chul-Ju Han, Jin Kim, Yu-Cheol Kim, Jin-Oh Lee, Sang-Beom Kim, Dong-Wook Choi, Young Han Kim, Dong-Hee Park, Byung-Hee Lee, Sun-Hoo Park; Journal of the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group. 2004;4(1):59-61. Published online June 30, 2004

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Abstract PDF: Liver resection is the major curative treatment modality for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). However, postoperative intrahepatic recurrence is common and remains the main obstacle to long-term cure. Although small HCC without vascular invasion showed more than 50 % of 5-year survival rate, some patients with HCC at early stage cannot attain long-term survival after hepatectomy. We report here a case of stage Ⅰ HCC in a 64-year-old man showing early, widespread intrahepatic metastasis at 4 months after resection.

Two Cases of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Profound Hypoglycemia: Soung Ho Kim, Yong Ho Kim, Jin Mo Jeong, Sook-Hyang Jeong, Jin Hyouk Lee, Chul Ju Han, Yoo Chul Kim, Jin OH Lee; Journal of the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group. 2001;1(1):143-146. Published online June 30, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Case 1 A 54 year-old-male patient was admitted due to right upper quadrant abdominal pain for 1 month. Nineteen years ago, he had been diagnosed as chronic hepatitis B. Physical examination revealed palpable hepatomegaly. Total bilirubin was 1.4 mg/dL, AST/ALT was 265/82 IU/L, and AFP was 110,846 ng/ml. Abdomen CT showed large multilobular low attenuating mass occupying entire right hepatic lobe and medial segment of left lobe with massive thrombosis in right portal vein. He has been diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma by fine needle aspiration cytology of the liver mass. During admission period, he frequently showed hypoglycemic episodes with typical symptoms and very low blood glucose level of 30 to 61 mg/dl. He should keep continuous venous administration of glucose solution. He received one session of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) and transferred to other hospital. Case 2 A 41 year-old-male patient was admitted due to indigestion for 1 month. Physical findings revealed tender hepatomegaly and multiple spider angioma on the superior chest area. Total bilirubin was 1.4 mg/dl, AST/ALT was 38/22 IU/L, and AFP was 23,140 ng/ml. Computed tomography showed 13cm sized, hyperattenuating mass involving right hepatic lobe with several daughter nodules and multiple metastatic lung nodules. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the liver mass demonstrated carcinoma. Gastroduodenoscopy demonstrated esophageal varix grade Ⅰ, benign gastric ulcer(body, lesser curvature, 0.5cm diameter), and duodenal ulcer scar. During admission period, he experienced multiple episodes of hypoglycemia with mental change and his blood sugar level was decreased up to 27 mg/dl. His blood IGF level was 26.0 ng/ml, IGF-Ⅱ 124 ng/ml. He was appled with one session of systemic chemotherapy with adriamycin, cisplatin and tamoxipen. After chemotherapy. pneumonia developed and was treated with antibiotics. He discharged without further follow-up.

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