Journal of Liver Cancer

Case Reports

A case of nearly complete response in hepatocellular carcinoma with disseminated lung metastasis by combination therapy of nivolumab and ipilimumab after treatment failure of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab: Hyung Jun Kim, Sang Youn Hwang, Jung Woo Im, Ki Jeong Jeon, Wan Jeon; J Liver Cancer. 2023;23(1):213-218. Published online March 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2023.02.23

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Recently, the efficacy of immuno-oncologic agents for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been proven in several trials. In particular, atezolizumab with bevacizumab (AteBeva), as a first-line therapy for advanced HCC, has shown tremendous advances in the IMBrave150 study. However, second or third-line therapy after treatment failure with AteBeva has not been firmly established. Moreover, clinicians have continued their attempts at multidisciplinary treatment that includes other systemic therapy and radiotherapy (RT). Here, we report a case that showed a near complete response (CR) of lung metastasis to nivolumab with ipilimumab therapy after achieving a near CR of intrahepatic tumor using sorafenib and RT in a patient with advanced HCC who had experienced treatment failure of AteBeva.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Systemic Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: ASCO Guideline Update
John D. Gordan, Erin B. Kennedy, Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, Eliza Beal, Richard S. Finn, Terence P. Gade, Laura Goff, Shilpi Gupta, Jennifer Guy, Hang T. Hoang, Renuka Iyer, Ishmael Jaiyesimi, Minaxi Jhawer, Asha Karippot, Ahmed O. Kaseb, R. Kate Kelley, Jerem
Journal of Clinical Oncology.2024; 42(15): 1830. CrossRef
Prognostic significance of combined PD-L1 expression in malignant and infiltrating cells in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab
Jaejun Lee, Jae-Sung Yoo, Ji Hoon Kim, Dong Yeup Lee, Keungmo Yang, Bohyun Kim, Joon-Il Choi, Jeong Won Jang, Jong Young Choi, Seung Kew Yoon, Ji Won Han, Pil Soo Sung
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Complete response in hepatocellular carcinoma with lymph node metastasis by combination therapy of atezolizumab and bevacizumab: a case report: Sang Youn Hwang, Sun Mi Lee, Jeong Woo Lim, Gi Jung Jeon, Hye Won Lee; J Liver Cancer. 2021;21(2):177-180. Published online September 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2021.09.10

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Abstract PDF: Sorafenib is the oldest first line systemic treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has been used exclusively for nearly 10 years. The superiority of administering a combination of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (AteBeva) compared to sorafenib as first line systemic treatment for unresectable HCC was recently proven during the IMbrave150 Phase III randomized trial. While clinicians can expect improved responses and treatment outcomes due to the good results of the IMbrave 150 trial, they must also consider that atezolizumab can cause various immune-related adverse events (IrAEs). Based on the above suggestions, we herein present a case of HCC with lymph node metastasis who achieved complete remission following treatment with AteBeva and developed an IrAE (adrenal insufficiency). Further study of real-life data regarding combination therapy with AteBeva is needed to manage patients with advanced HCC.

A Case of Achieving Partial Remission with the Combination of Sorafenib and Nivolumab in a Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Showing Disease Progression after Nivolumab Therapy: Sang Youn Hwang, Seon-Mi Lee, Jung Woo Im, Ki Jeong Jeon, Cheol-Won Choi, Kyung-Su Kim, Wan Jeon; J Liver Cancer. 2019;19(1):74-78. Published online March 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.19.1.74

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Abstract PDF: Sorafenib is a well-known approved systemic therapeutic agent used in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Regorafenib and nivolumab are approved as second-line therapeutic drugs in patients showing disease progression after sorafenib therapy. However, there is no established third- or fourth-line therapy in patients with progression after regorafenib or nivolumab treatment. Recently, the combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) has been attempted as a firstline treatment strategy in advanced HCC patients based on the hypothesis that combination therapy may overcome resistance in ICPI monotherapy. On the basis of this suggestion, we herein describe the case of an HCC patient demonstrating macrovascular invasion, whereby partial remission was achieved via the combination of sorafenib and nivolumab following disease progression after nivolumab therapy. Further studies on the combination of TKIs and ICPIs are necessary to determine ways to manage HCC patients showing disease progression after ICPI therapy.

A Case of Achieving Complete Remission with Combination of Sorafenib and Tegafur in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Progression of Disease after Sorafenib Therapy: Sang Youn Hwang, Seon-Mi Lee, Jung Woo Im, Ki Jeong Jeon, Sang Bu Ahn, Jin-Young Park, Cheol-Won Choi, Kwang-Mo Yang; J Liver Cancer. 2017;17(1):88-93. Published online March 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.17.1.88

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Abstract PDF: Sorafenib is the only approved targeted agent as the first line systemic therapy for treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the improvement of survival duration under 3 months is far from clinical satisfactory and most patients experience disease progression within 6 months after sorafenib therapy. Unfortunately, second line systemic therapy after treatment failure of sorafenib was not established and there were no clear guidelines for salvage treatment modalities. Recently, studies suggests that combination of sorafenib and single cytotoxic agent can be relatively effective and safe strategy that achieves promising rates of local and systemic control in advanced HCC patients. Based on above suggestions, we herein offer our experience of a case achieved complete remission by combination therapy of sorafenib and tegafur in the patient with progressed disease after sorafenib therapy.

Review Article

Locoregional Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis: Sang Youn Hwang, Ryoung-Go Kim, Cheol-Won Choi, Sang Bu Ahn; J Liver Cancer. 2016;16(2):69-81. Published online September 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.16.2.69

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) have a extremely poor prognosis. According to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer guideline, sorafenib is a standard therapy in this situation, but many clinicians still select locoregional therapy (LRT) such as transarterial therapy, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), even surgical resection (SR) or combination of LRTs because the survival improvement by sorafenib is unsatisfactory. Based on recent meta-analysis and prospective study, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial radioembolization seem to be effective and safe therapeutic option that have comparable outcome to sorafenib. Recently large nationwide studies demonstrated that SR can be a potentially curative treatment in selected patients. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) can be also good option, especially in Child class B patients based on small volume prospective studies. Moreover, multidisciplinary strategies based on the combination of LRTs (SR plus TACE, TACE + EBRT, TACE + Sorafenib, HAIC + EBRT etc.) may improve survival of HCC patients with PVTT. Finally we discuss individualized and tailored treatment strategies for different clinical situations.

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Progress in Non-Surgical Treatment of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Combined Portal Vein Carcinoma Thrombosis
文豪寇
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2023; 13(07): 11779. CrossRef

Case Reports

A Case of Achieving Complete Remission with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Macrovascular Invasion after Repeated Transarerial Chemoembolization: Sang Youn Hwang, Seon-Mi Lee, Jong Woo Im, Ki Jeong Jeon, Sang Bu Ahn, Eun Kyeong Ji, Jin-Young Park, Cheol-Won Choi Choi, Gwang-Mo Yang; J Liver Cancer. 2016;16(2):123-128. Published online September 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.16.2.123

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Abstract PDF: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the worldwide procedure performed for patients with various stage hepatoceullar carcinoma (HCC), but is not yet considered as curative treatment because of relatively high local recurrence rate. Moreover, many clinicians frequently experience treatment failure (incomplete necrosis or stage progression etc.) after repeated TACE, but no clear guidelines have been recommended about salvage treatment modalities for this situation. Recently, studies for combination of radiation therapy and TACE for HCC with TACE refractoriness have been tried and reported better therapeutic efficacy. Based on above suggestions, we herein offer our experience of a patient with macrovascular invasion developed after repeated TACE that achieve complete remission by stereotactic body radiation therapy. Further study, maybe regarding a combination of locoregional and systemic therapy, is necessary on how to manage HCC patients with TACE refractoriness.

A Case of Achieving Complete Remission with Combination of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Transarterial Chemoemoblization in Patients with 4.8 cm Sized Infiltrative Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Arteriovenous Shunt: Sang Youn Hwang, Seon-Mi Lee, Jung Woo Im, Joon Suk Kim, Ki Jeong Jeon, Sang Bu Ahn, Eun Kyeong Ji, Hyun-Cheol Kang, Cheol-Won Chol, Gwang-Mo Yang; J Liver Cancer. 2015;15(1):64-69. Published online March 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.15.1.64

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Abstract PDF: Infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients have a poor prognosis because most patients present with advanced disease. Although tumor size is small, ablation therapy is difficult because it is difficult to delineate tumor boundary and tumor often combined vascular invasion. Therefore many clinicians still try locoregional therapy (LRT) such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiation therapy (RT), or combination with LRT and sorafenib in this situation. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is new technology providing very highly conformal ablative radiation dose and is expected to salvage modality for HCC showed incomplete response of TACE due to combined arteriovenous (AV) shunts. Based on above suggestions, we herein offer our experience of a complete remission of tumor by combination of SBRT and TACE in a patient with infiltrative HCC. Further study, maybe regarding a combination of locoregional and systemic therapy is necessary on how to manage infiltrative HCC with AV shunts.

A Case of Achieving Partial Remission with Combination of Radiation Therapy and Sorafenib inChild-Pugh Class B Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Main Portal Vein Invasion and Lymph Node Metastasis: Sang Youn Hwang, Seon-Mi Lee, Jung Woo Im, Joon Suk Kim, Sang Bu Ahn, Eun Kyeong Ji, Hyun-Cheol Kang, Cheol-Won Choi, Gwang-Mo Yang; J Liver Cancer. 2014;14(2):120-126. Published online September 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.14.2.120

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Abstract PDF: Reserved liver function is one of the most important determinants of survivial in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Especially in cirrhotic patient with decompensated liver function, sorafenib for HCC with main portal vein invasion have limited efficacy and survival benefit. Therefore many clinicians or centers still try locoregional therapy (LRT) such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiation therapy (RT), or combination with LRT and sorafenib in this situation. However this multidisciplinary approach may increase treatment related toxicity such as liver failure, etc. Recently, studies for combination of RT and sorafenib for HCC with portal vein invasion have been tried and reported not only better therapeutic efficacy, but also more hepatic toxicity.Based on above suggestions, we herein offer our experience of a patient that although achieved survival gain via partial remission of intrahepatic tumor and main portal vein thrombosis and metastatic lymph node by combination therapy of RT and sorafenib, finally expired due to hepatictoxicity. Further study, maybe regarding a combination of locoregional and systemic therapy, is necessary on how to manage decompenstated cirrhotic patients with HCC with main portal vein invasion. (J Liver Cancer 2014;14:120-126)

A Case of Hypovascular Hepatocellular Carcinoma Invading Bile Duct with Partial Remission with Combination Therapy of Transarterial Chemoembolization and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Sorafenib: Sang Youn Hwang, Seon-Mi Lee, Jung Woo Im, Joon Suk Kim, Sang Bu Ahn, Eun Kyeong Ji, Chul Won Choi, Gwang-Mo Yang; Journal of the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group. 2013;13(2):178-184. Published online September 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.13.2.178

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Abstract PDF: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with bile duct invasion have a poor prognosis because many do not receive effective treatment. Surgical resection is thought to be only option of curative treatment, increasing chance of survival, but it is possible to minor group of patients because of poor reserved liver function associated with underlying liver disease and obstructive jaundice. Therefore many clinicians or centers still select locoregional therapy such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiation therapy (RT) etc. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is new technology providing very highly conformal ablative radiation dose for a small numbers (1-5 fractions) of large fraction size and is expected to salvage modality for HCC showed incomplete response of TACE due to vascularity or accessibility of feeding artery. Based on above suggestions, we herein offer our experience of a patient with partial remission of tumor by combination therapy of TACE, SBRT and sorafenib. Further study, maybe regarding a combination of locoregional and systemic therapy (so called multidisciplinary approach), is necessary on how to manage HCC patients with bile duct invasion or sparse vascularity.

A Case of Huge Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Complete Remission of Intrahepatic Tumor and Adrenal Gland Metastasis Treated with Combination Therapy of Transarterial Chemoembolization and Radiation Therapy and Sorafenib: Sang Youn Hwang, Seon-Mi Lee, Jung Woo Im, Joon Suk Kim, Sang Bu Ahn, Eun Kyeong Ji, Chul Won Choi, Gwang-Mo Yang; Journal of the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group. 2013;13(1):57-61. Published online February 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.13.1.57

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Abstract PDF: Extrahepatic metastasis (EHM) associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing due to prolonged survival with recent advances in therapeutic approaches including locoregional therapy such as transarterial chemoemoblization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation and radiation therapy (RT). Though many guidelines recommended systemic therapy such as sorafenib in this situation, some clinicians or centers still select locoregional therapy because the survival improvement of 2 or 3 months by sorafenib is far from optimal. Moreover, some studies showed that complete and partial response of intrahepatic tumors can result in significant improvement of patient survival even in situation of EHM. Based on above suggestions, we herein offer our experience of a patient with complete remission of intrahepatic tumor and adrenal gland metastasis treated with combination therapy of TACE and RT and sorafenib. Further study, maybe regarding a combination of locoregional and systemic therapy (so called multidisciplinary approach), is necessary on how to manage HCC patients with EHM.

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