Journal of Liver Cancer

Orbital metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: rare cause of exophthalmos in chronic liver disease: Eunjee Lim, Eun Sun Jang, Jin Ho Paik, Sook-Hyang Jeong, Jin-Wook Kim; J Liver Cancer. 2025;25(2):266-271. Published online May 22, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2025.05.06

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Abstract PDF: Orbital metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is extremely rare, and patients often present with ocular symptoms before the primary tumor is diagnosed. Here, we report two cases of orbital metastasis from HCC with distinct clinical courses. The first case involved a patient with no prior cancer history who presented with vision loss and was subsequently diagnosed with HCC following an orbital mass biopsy. The second case involved a patient with known HCC undergoing treatment who initially presented with periorbital swelling misdiagnosed as cellulitis before orbital metastasis was confirmed. Both cases highlight the importance of considering orbital metastasis in patients with ocular symptoms, even in the absence of a known malignancy. Given the poor prognosis and limited treatment options for orbital metastasis, early recognition through imaging and histopathological confirmation is crucial for appropriate management.

Hepatocellular carcinoma with Budd-Chiari syndrome due to membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava with long-term follow-up: a case report: Choong Hee Kim, Gwang Hyeon Choi, Hee Young Na, Chang Jin Yoon, Jai Young Cho, Sangmi Jang, Ji Hye Kim, Eun Sun Jang, Jin-Wook Kim, Sook-Hyang Jeong; J Liver Cancer. 2022;22(2):194-201. Published online September 15, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2022.08.24

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Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava (MOVC) is a rare subset of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) with a subacute onset that is often complicated by cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we report a case of recurrent HCC in a patient with cirrhosis and BCS that was treated with several episodes of transarterial chemoembolization followed by surgical tumorectomy, whereas the MOVC was successfully treated with balloon angioplasty followed by endovascular stenting. The patient was followed up for 9.9 years without anticoagulation and experienced no stent thrombosis. After the tumorectomy, the patient was HCC-free for 4.4 years of follow-up.

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Multidisciplinary collaboration successfully treated Budd Chiari syndrome complicated with hepatocellular carcinoma rupture and bleeding: A case report
Lian Liao, Yuyang Qiu, Xiaobo Gong
Medicine.2025; 104(51): e46748. CrossRef

A Case of Rapid Progressive Extrahepatic Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Surgical Resection for Huge Single Mass: Eun Sun Jang, Haeryoung Kim, Young Rok Choi, Jai Young Cho, Yoo-Seok Yoon, Ho-Seong Han, Ji Hyun Kim, Jin-Wook Kim, Sook-Hyang Jeong; J Liver Cancer. 2016;16(1):42-46. Published online March 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.16.1.42

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Abstract PDF

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows a poor prognosis with high recurrence rate even after surgical resection. To improve prognosis of HCC patient, regular surveillance for high-risk group is recommended, but cost-benefit of the surveillance under 40 years old Asian male with hepatitis B infection is unclear. We share a 39-year-old male case which showed early recurrence and rapid extrahepatic metastasis after surgical resection for single huge HCC. Based on the pathologic finding, this case was diagnosed with ‘stemness’-related markerexpressing HCC. Further molecular classification for HCC could be beneficial to estimate individual risk for HCC recurrence and to predict prognosis.

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Rapid Bone Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report
Laraib ., Uzma Khalid, Ayesha Khalid
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Jin-Wook Kim; Journal of the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group. 2010;10(1):1-5. Published online June 30, 2010

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Abstract PDF: The Korean Liver Cancer Study Group (KLCSG) and the Center for Liver Cancer at the National Cancer Center (NCC) in Korea compiled a clinical practice guideline for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 2003, and the guideline has been revised in 2009 to incorporate newly published scientific evidence in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. The surveillance and diagnostic criteria of HCC of the 2009 guideline is reviewed with respect to practical application. Several unresolved issues were also discussed.

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