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Original Articles
Noninvasive Diagnostic Criteria of the Revised 2014 the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group and the National Cancer Center Guideline for Subcentimetersized Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Is It Too Strict?
Kim, Nam Joong , Sinn, Dong Hyun , Kang, Wonseok , Paik, Yong Han , Choi, Moon Seok , Lee, Joon Hyeok , Koh, Kwang Cheol , Paik, Seung Woon , Gwak, Geum Youn
J Liver Cancer. 2018;18(1):44-50.   Published online March 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.18.1.44
  • 1,858 Views
  • 30 Downloads
  • 1 Citation
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background/Aim
s: Noninvasive diagnostic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) differ between guidelines, especially for subcentimeter-sized nodules. This study aimed to analyze clinical and radiological characteristics of subcentimeter-sized HCC, and assess the validity of noninvasive diagnostic criteria of the revised 2014 the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group and the National Cancer Center (KLCSG-NCC) guideline for subcentimeter-sized HCC. Methods: A total of 33 consecutive patients (median age, 58.6 years; men, 60.6%; hepatitis B virus-infected, 87.9%) who were diagnosed with HCC between January 2009 and December 2013 and had a maximum tumor diameter less than 1 cm were retrospectively included. Results: Among 33 subcentimeter-sized HCC cases, 6 cases were histologically proven and the remaining 27 patients were diagnosed by radiologically and/or serologically. Initial detection modality was dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) (66.7%, 22/33) or dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (33.3% 11/33). No case was identified by surveillance ultrasonography. Typical radiological feature of HCC, which is arterial enhancement with delayed washout, was present in 51.7% (15/29 patients) in dynamic contrast-enhanced CT, and 90.9% (30/33 patients) in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. When these 33 cases were re-assessed by the revised 2014 KLCSG-NCC guideline, no one has fulfilled the noninvasive diagnostic criteria. Conclusions: None of the cases that were diagnosed as subcentimeter-sized HCC including histologically confirmed cases did not fulfill the noninvasive diagnostic criteria of the revised 2014 KLCSG-NCC guideline. Refinement of the current noninvasive diagnostic criteria for subcentimeter-sized HCC may be required.

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  • Clinical practice guideline and real-life practice in hepatocellular carcinoma: A Korean perspective
    Myung Ji Goh, Dong Hyun Sinn, Jong Man Kim, Min Woo Lee, Dong Ho Hyun, Jeong Il Yu, Jung Yong Hong, Moon Seok Choi
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2023; 29(2): 197.     CrossRef
Methionine Adenosyltransferase 1: A Proteomic Surrogate Marker of Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic Patients
Lee, Joo Ho , Jun, Mi Jung , Shim, Ju Hyun , Song, Gi Won , Tak, Eunyoung , Oh, Bora , Yu, Eunsil , Choi, Sang Woon , An, Jihyun , Lee, Danbi , Kim, Kang Mo , Lim, Young Suk , Lee, Han Chu , Chung, Young Hwa , Lee, Yung Sang
J Liver Cancer. 2018;18(1):33-43.   Published online March 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.18.1.33
  • 1,792 Views
  • 24 Downloads
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background/Aim
s: Because there is a lack of effective biomarkers, we aimed to discover proteomic candidate markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhotic patients at the highest-risk of HCC, and to validate the markers. Methods: We collected tumor tissue from 5 cirrhotics with HCC, and from 5 cirrhotics without HCC, who underwent liver resection or transplantation. These tissue samples were analyzed by 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and potential markers were validated at the transcriptional and translational levels. We also performed western blot assays using other blood samples from 10 cirrhotics with HCC and 10 without HCC. Results: Among the 66 distinguishable spots on 2-D gel images, we identified 15 proteins overexpressed more than 1.5 fold in terms of volume ratio in the tumors. Ten of the over-expressed proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF MS; of those, only methionine adenosyltransferase 1 (MAT1), a protein specific for liver, and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase were significantly up-regulated in tumors in further immunoblotting analyses (Ps<0.05). There was no between-pair difference in MAT1 mRNA measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (P=0.96). However, in western blots of serum samples, distinct MAT1 bands were observed in all 10 HCC patients, but in only 2 of the non-HCC patients. Conclusions: MAT1 is a potential marker for surveillance in cirrhotic patients with and without prior HCC.
The Feasibility Study of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Using a 3 Dimension Transducer for Tumor Volume Measurement in Rabbit Hepatic VX2 Carcinoma Comparison with 2 Dimension Ultrasound and 3 Dimension Ultrasound without Contrast: Preliminary Results
Kim, Jeehyun , Kim, Jung Hoon , Choi, Seo Youn , Han, Joon Koo
J Liver Cancer. 2018;18(1):23-32.   Published online March 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.18.1.23
  • 2,166 Views
  • 24 Downloads
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background/Aim
s: To investigate the feasibility of tumor volume measurement using contrastenhanced ultrasound (US) with 3 dimension transducer (3D CEUS) in rabbit hepatic VX2 carcinoma.
Methods
Three different tumor volume measurements, including 2D US using the equation, 4/3(π)(abc), 3D US without contrast, and 3D CEUS were performed in 35 rabbit hepatic VX2 carcinomas. With the tumor volume from computerized tomography (CT) as a reference standard, we compared difference between CT volume and each different US tumor volume. The mean difference and correlation coefficient between each US volume measurement and CT volume were analyzed.
Results
Tumor volume measurement using 3D CEUS and 2D US using equation showed no statistical difference compared to CT volume (0.276 cm3, 0.212 cm3, and 0.263 cm3 vs. 0.306 cm3, 0.247 cm3, 0.276 cm3, P>0.05). However, 3D CEUS provided the highest correlation coefficient with CT volume (R=0.835 and 0.720) and the highest intraclass correlation (0.973 and 0.993). 3D CEUS provided a smaller mean difference with CT volume (0.016 cm3 and 0.033 cm3) than 2D US, showing 3D CEUS’s accurate measurement of tumor volume.
Conclusions
Due to its highly accurate, reliable, and reproducible measurements of tumor volume, 3D CEUS may be useful for predicting the therapeutic response evaluation after treatment.
Review Articles
Systemic Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy
Kim, Bo Hyun , Park, Joong Won
J Liver Cancer. 2018;18(1):17-22.   Published online March 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.18.1.17
  • 2,185 Views
  • 75 Downloads
  • 1 Citation
AbstractAbstract PDF
Systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has markedly changed since 2007, with the approval of sorafenib. Sorafenib improved the overall survival of patients with advanced HCC; however, the modest efficacy and toxicity of this therapy present unmet needs. Subsequently, a variety of molecular targeted agents have been tested as first-line or secondline therapies but have failed, and sorafenib has remained the only approved systemic agent for almost 10 years. Recently, regorafenib significantly improved overall survival and was approved for patients with HCC who have been previously treated with sorafenib. Nivolumab, a programmed death protein-1 inhibitor, was also approved as second-line therapy, based on remarkable response rates.

Citations

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  • Analysis of Existing Guidelines and Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trials for Development of [Guideline of Clinical Trial on Herbal Medicinal Product for Liver Cancer]
    Ga-jin Han, Dong-hun Kim, Eun-joo Park, Sin Seong, Sung-su Kim, Jung-tae Leem
    The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2019; 40(1): 89.     CrossRef
Translational Application of Single-cell Transcriptomic Analysis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Yoon, Seung Kew
J Liver Cancer. 2018;18(1):1-8.   Published online March 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.18.1.1
  • 4,488 Views
  • 91 Downloads
AbstractAbstract PDF
The emergence of single-cell technology in recent years has made remarkable progress for understanding of biological process in various diseases including cancers. In particular of cancer, single-cell transcriptome analysis provides a powerful tool for comprehensive characterization of cancer cell subpopulations within a heterogeneous bulk populations. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer and its molecular mechanism is extremely complex associated with a poor prognosis. To date, the molecular mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis remain unclear. Here, I review current status of single-cell transcriptome analysis for HCC, focusing on their application for cancer genomics, circulating tumor cells, cancer stem cells and tumor infiltrating cells in HCC.
Case Reports
A Case of Successful Living Donor Liver Transplantation after Downstaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with the Beyond Milan Criteria by Radioembolization, Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy, and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
Yeong Jin Kim, Yeon Seung Chung, Beom Kyung Kim, Jin Sil Sung, Do Young Kim
J Liver Cancer. 2017;17(2):182-185.   Published online September 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.17.2.182
  • 1,878 Views
  • 16 Downloads
AbstractAbstract PDF
Liver transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the Milan criteria generally yields a 4-year overall survival rate of 75% and 4-year recurrence free survival rate of 83%. But, many HCC patients present with the disease beyond the Milan criteria. On the other hands, the overall survival of patients with advanced HCC with portal vein invasion is very poor. We report a
case
of successful living donor liver transplantation for advanced HCC with portal vein invasion by down-staging through radioembolization, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, and stereotactic body radiation therapy.
A Case of Combined Hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma Mimicking Pyogenic Liver Abscess
Seung Suk Baek, Eileen L. Yoon, Hyun-Jung Kim, Kyung Eun Bae, Kyeongmee Park, Won-choong Choi
J Liver Cancer. 2017;17(2):174-181.   Published online September 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.17.2.174
  • 2,547 Views
  • 26 Downloads
AbstractAbstract PDF
Heterogeneous features of liver cancer can mimic liver abscess. Therefore it is essential to doublecheck tumor markers in the diagnosis of liver abscess. Herein, we report a case of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHC) occurred in an unrecognized chronic hepatitis B patient initially misdiagnosed as liver abscess. A 49-year old male initially presented with chill, right upper quadrant pain, and a liver mass. Mass showed peripheral enhancement in arterial phase of computed tomography, which was not typical for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Strikingly elevated alpha-fetoprotein and fine needle aspirated pathology revealed HCC. Despite discordant image findings he was treated with transarterial chemoembolization. He was treated with sorafenib due to metastatic retrocaval lymphadenopathy afterwards. The mass presumed to be HCC progressed with sorafenib. It was surgically resected and he was finally confirmed as cHC. Discordant tumor markers with presumptive image findings should prompt the suspicion of rare type of primary liver cancer, the cHC.
A Case of Abscopal Effect on Pulmonary Metastasis after Palliative Radiotherapy on Bone Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Do Seon Song, U Im Chang, Ho Jung An, Sung Hwan Kim, Jin Mo Yang
J Liver Cancer. 2017;17(2):168-173.   Published online September 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.17.2.168
  • 2,481 Views
  • 21 Downloads
AbstractAbstract PDF
The abscopal effect is a rare phenomenon that characterized by tumor regression of untreated metastatic lesions after a local radiotherapy. The mechanisms of abscopal effect are speculated to be associated with cytokine release and host immune system. In this case, we report a case of abscopal effect in a 64-year-old male with hepatocellular carcinoma with lung and bone metastasis, who had complete response in the lung after receiving radiation to the metastatic bone lesions.
Acute Pulmonary Infarction Complicated with Thromboembolism as the First Manifestation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Chae June Lim, ji Yun Hong, Chung Hwan Jun, Sung Kyu Choi, Sung Bum Cho
J Liver Cancer. 2017;17(2):163-167.   Published online September 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.17.2.163
  • 1,982 Views
  • 22 Downloads
AbstractAbstract PDF
Acute pulmonary infarction by tumoral thromboemboli is an extremely rare fatal complication as the first clinical manifestation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient with tumoral thrombi in the inferior vena cava. The treatment method has not been established and shown to very poor prognosis despite of trying various modalities such as anticoagulation, radiotherapy and thromboembolectomy. Here, we describe a 74-year-old man who was diagnosed with HCC that presented as pulmonary thromboembolism and subsequent pulmonary infarction as the first manifestation.
A Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis Treated by Hepatic Artery Injection Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
Sang Jin Kim, Byoung Kuk Jang, Jae Seok Hwang
J Liver Cancer. 2017;17(2):158-162.   Published online September 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.17.2.158
  • 2,614 Views
  • 19 Downloads
  • 1 Citation
AbstractAbstract PDF
External beam radiotherapy, transarterial chemoembolization and sorafenib are currently standard treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein thrombosis. However, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy has been applied to advanced stage HCC with a view to improving the therapeutic effect. We experienced a case of advanced HCC with clinical complete response after hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy and radiation therapy and report that.

Citations

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  • A Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis Treated by Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
    Jin Yong Lee, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Seong Joon Chun, Sun Hyun Bae, Jae Myeong Lee, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2020; 20(1): 78.     CrossRef
Original Articles
A Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Recurrent Peritoneal Metastasis after Hepatectomy Who Showed Complete Response by Surgical Resection
Hyo Young Lee, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Joon Yeul Nam, Young Chang, Hyeki Cho, Young Youn Cho, Eung Ju Cho, Su Jong Yu, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon
J Liver Cancer. 2017;17(2):153-157.   Published online September 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.17.2.153
  • 1,709 Views
  • 15 Downloads
AbstractAbstract PDF
Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatic resection is quite common. Peritoneal recurrence has been considered incurable status and related to poor prognosis. Although peritoneal metastasectomy is a therapeutic option for some selected patients with a few peritoneal metastasis, the indication and therapeutic effect has not been clear. We report a
case
of a 61-year-old man achieving complete remission of recurrent peritoneal metastasis after repeated surgical resection by a multidisciplinary approach. Peritoneal metastasectomy might be a therapeutic option for selected patients with localized oligonodular peritoneal metastasis.
Conventional versus Drug-eluting Beads Trans-arterial Chemoembolization for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma at Very Early and Early Stages
Kwang-Hun Lee, Seung-Moon Joo, Tae Jun Yum, Sang Hoon Jung
J Liver Cancer. 2017;17(2):144-152.   Published online September 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.17.2.144
  • 3,377 Views
  • 88 Downloads
  • 3 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background/Aim
s: To retrospectively compare conventional and drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (C-TACE and DEB-TACE) for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at very early and early stages.
Methods
We retrospectively compared patients treated with C-TACE (n=115) or DEB-TACE (n=103) from September 2009 to May 2016. All patients were in a very early (stage 0) or early stage (stage A) of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, and all had Child– Pugh class A and ≤B7 liver status. Approval by the institutional review board was waived because the study was retrospective. The following parameters were evaluated: severe pain and bradycardia during TACE, post-embolization syndrome (PES), liver function change, complications, target tumor response, and conversion to another treatment modality. Numeric differences were assessed by the independent Student’s t-test for continuous variables and by chi-square test for categorical variables.
Results
Severe intractable pain and bradycardia during the TACE procedure were significantly more frequent in the C-TACE group than in the DEB-TACE group (P<0.001). The incidence and duration of PES were significantly higher in the C-TACE group than in the DEB-TACE group (P<0.001). The increase in liver enzymes was significantly higher in the C-TACE group than in the DEB-TACE group (P<0.001). The deterioration of the Child-Pugh class was significantly higher in the C-TACE group than in the DEB-TACE group (P =0.006). There was no significant difference in serious complications except localized bile duct dilatation between the groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in tumor response at both immediate and 1-year assessment. The conversion rate to other treatment modalities was significantly higher in the DEB-TACE group than in the C-TACE group (P<0.001).
Conclusions
DEB-TACE is better than C-TACE in terms of procedural safety as initial treatment in a very early or early stage of HCC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Drug-Eluting Bead Transarterial Chemoembolization Versus Radiofrequency Ablation as an Initial Treatment of Single Small (≤ 3 cm) Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Somin Lee, Yong Yeon Jeong, Byung Chan Lee, Sang Soo Shin, Suk Hee Heo, Hyoung Ook Kim, Chan Park, Won Gi Jeong
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Current status of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) agents in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment
    Roshana Saghafian Larijani, Nazanin Shabani Ravari, Navid Goodarzi, Shahram Akhlaghpour, Samaneh Saghafian Larijani, Mohammad Reza Rouini, Rassoul Dinarvand
    Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology.2022; 77: 103905.     CrossRef
  • Transarterial chemoembolization using drug-eluting bead compared with radiofrequency ablation for treatment of single small hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot non-randomized trial
    Tae Hoon Kim, Na Hye Kim, Jin Dong Kim, Young Nam Kim, Yu Jin Kim, Eun Jung Kim, Ki Deok Yoo, Choong Heon Ryu, Ha Hun Song, Hyun Kim
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2021; 21(2): 146.     CrossRef
Incidence of Primary Liver Cancer in Subjects with Chronic Hepatitis B in Korean National Liver Cancer Screening Program
In Seung Choi, Chi Hyuck Oh, So Young Park, Sung Eun Ahn, Seong Jin Park, Hyun Rim Choi, Byung-Ho Kim, Jae-Jun Shim
J Liver Cancer. 2017;17(2):136-143.   Published online September 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.17.2.136
  • 3,863 Views
  • 46 Downloads
  • 3 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background/Aim
s: To optimize efficacy of National Liver Cancer Screening Program (NLCSP) for subjects with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), it is needed to know the incidence of liver cancer and its predisposing factors in the program.
Methods
From January 2010 to December 2014, all the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive participants who received at least two or more abdominal ultrasonography under NLCSP were retrospectively enrolled in a single tertiary hospital. Annual incidence of primary liver cancer was calculated and related clinical factors were investigated.
Results
During 5 years, 541 subjects were enrolled. Mean age was 53 years old and 292 subjects (54%) were receiving antiviral agents. Liver cirrhosis (LC) was diagnosed in 212 (39.2%). Mean follow-up time was 2.36 years and 15 hepatocellular carcinoma and 1 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were diagnosed. Annual incidence of primary liver cancer was 9.8 per 1,000 patient year. Cumulative incidence at 1, 3, and 5 year was 0.6%, 2.6%, and 6.4%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, LC (hazard ratio [HR] 8.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.97–38.71, P=0.024), age (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.15, P=0.024) were significantly associated with cancer development.
Conclusions
Despite of high rate of oral antiviral therapy, incidence of primary liver cancer is not low in CHB patients in Korea. Old age and presence of LC are independently associated with higher risk of cancer development during surveillance. This study could be used as baseline data for quality control of NLCSP.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effectiveness of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance and an Optimal Surveillance Interval: Nationwide Cohort of Korea
    Heejin Bae, Sang Ah Lee, Jong Won Choi, Shin Hye Hwang, Sumi Park, Mi-Suk Park
    Yonsei Medical Journal.2021; 62(8): 758.     CrossRef
  • A Survey of Liver Cancer Specialists’ Views on the National Liver Cancer Screening Program in Korea
    Won Sohn, Young-Sun Lee, Jae Geun Lee, Jihyun An, Eun Sun Jang, Dong Ho Lee, Dong Hyun Sinn
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2020; 20(1): 53.     CrossRef
  • Discrepancy between the Actual Clinical Status of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Expectations from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance: a Single-Center Study
    Nak Min Kim, Young Seok Doh, Ji Woong Jang, Seok-Hwan Kim, Hyuk Soo Eun, Jae Hyuck Jun, Sae Hee Kim, Il Hyun Baek, Sung Hee Jung
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2019; 19(1): 30.     CrossRef
17-DMAG has the Potentiated Anticancer Effects Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Transfection of the Gene Encoding Hepatitis B Viral X Protein
Chul-Seung Lee, Ok-Hee Kim, Ha-Eun Hong, Sang-Jin Jeon, Seong-Soo Wong, Say-June Kim
J Liver Cancer. 2017;17(2):126-135.   Published online September 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.17.2.126
  • 2,317 Views
  • 17 Downloads
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background/Aim
s: Hepatitis B viral protein X (HBx) is implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as the elevation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) after hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We thus investigated the anticancer effects of an HSP90 inhibitor 17-Dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG) in HBxtransfected hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Methods
pcDNA-HBx was made by inserting the HBx gene derived from the HBV-infected patient into pcDNA3.1 using the restriction enzymes (XbaI/HindIII). HBx-expressing HepG2 cells were then generated by transfecting HepG2 cells with pcDNA containing HBx gene. To compare the anticancer effects of 17-DMAG between pcDNA-HBx transfected HepG2 cells and the control cells (pcDNA-transfected HepG2 cells), we performed various molecular studies, including Ez-cytox proliferation assay, Western blot analysis, and flow cytometry.
Results
17-DMAG inhibited the proliferation of pcDNA-HBx transfected HepG2 cells better than control cells (P<0.05). After treating with a various concentration of 17-DMAG (50–1,000 nM), pcDNA-HBx transfected HepG2 cells exhibited higher expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (c-caspase-3, c-caspase-8, and c-caspase-9) than did control cells (P<0.05). pcDNAHBx transfected HepG2 cells showed higher activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 than did control cells (P<0.05). Finally, we found that the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (PARP and c-caspase-3) was considerably decreased by the use of a caspase inhibitor suggesting that 17-DMAG induces the cell death of HepG2 cells caspase-dependently.
Conclusions
Our study strongly suggests that 17-DMAG has antiviral effects against HBV as well as anticancer effects against HepG2 cells. Thus, the application of 17-DMAG appears to be particularly advantageous to the HCC patients related with HBV infection.
Review Article
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hyunwoo Oh, Dea Won Jun
J Liver Cancer. 2017;17(2):117-125.   Published online September 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.17.2.117
  • 3,408 Views
  • 116 Downloads
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common life-threatening cancers worldwide. Recently, many patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have progressed to HCC even in the absence of cirrhosis. As the morbidity of metabolic syndrome increases, the proportion of HCC associated with NAFLD is expected to increase gradually. A new mechanism for the development of HCC in NAFLD has been identified; Diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, obesity, lipotoxicity, gut dysbiosis are risk factors. Inflammatory cytokines such as adipokines, leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interlukin-8, nuclear factor-κB constitute dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. At the time of diagnosis, NAFLD/ NASH related HCC tend to progress to larger and in advanced tumor-node-metastasis stages compared to viral hepatitis related HCC. But there are no guidelines for early detection of NAFLD-related HCC. So, it is essential to study the screening program for the early detection of NAFLD-related HCC and precise methods for NAFLD.

JLC : Journal of Liver Cancer